When these signs of cerebral infarction appear, you should be careful.📡📡📡

The brain can control different functions such as language, vision, emotions, breathing, and physical activity. This can be said to be the human CPU. Because its role and functions are very important, it is very necessary for us to prevent brain diseases. But even if we try to protect our brain, as we age, the brain will decline. Cerebral infarction is a common disease of the brain. Cerebral infarction is also called ischemic stroke. This disease is caused by the ischemia of the brain tissue. It leads to necrosis of the brain tissue which can lead to sudden death in severe cases. Even after cerebral infarction is treated, there may still be sequelae such as hemiplegia and inability to take care of yourself. Timely treatment can reduce the chance of sequelae. If the following symptoms occur, you should be alert to cerebral infarction.

1. Headache and dizziness

Headaches and dizziness must have occurred in everyone, especially in middle-aged and elderly people. When the cerebral infarction is about to appear, the brain will also have symptoms first which are dizziness and headache. These two symptoms come very quickly and may return to normal in just a few minutes. This is caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain. If you often have similar problems in the recent period, you must be alert to the occurrence of cerebral infarction.

2. Stiffness on one side of the body and numbness in the face

Stiffness on one side of the body and numbness in the face are the most obvious symptom of a cerebral infarction. The patient will feel abnormal numbness on one side of the face and deviated mouth and eyes. This is because the brain can control the entire body. All the actions and languages we do must pass through the brain. When the brain is abnormal, it will affect the whole body. If there is a sudden deviated mouth and eyes and one side of the body is weak and uncontrollable, these are the major symptoms of a cerebral infarction. Once it occurs, you need to go to the hospital for examination immediately. After the diagnosis is confirmed, appropriate treatment measures should be taken to avoid cerebral infarction further developing.

3. Drooling on one side

This is one of the common signs of patients with cerebral infarction, especially when drooling in sleeping and it is to one side. This is a typical sign of cerebral infarction. Due to cerebral vascular infarction, the nerves of muscles are not coordinated, especially the oral cavity which leads to drooling and difficulty swallowing. 

4. Blurred vision

In addition, cerebral infarction can also cause damage to the optic nerve. It leads to retinal ischemia and hypoxia. Patients will usually experience blurred vision suddenly or the situation in front of the eyes will be dark. It will recover after a few seconds. This is one of the typical signals of cerebral infarction.

👉Once the above four abnormalities occur, it is absolutely necessary to be alert to the onset of cerebral infarction. Especially for middle-aged and elderly people suffering from hyperlipidemia and hypertension. It is very necessary to go to the hospital for examination if there is any abnormality.

Read More

There are something which harm from your bone health.😖😖😖

Bones are an important part of the human body. They have important functions such as support, movement and protection of internal organs. However, bone health will get worse with age. In addition to the inevitable bone loss with age, there are also some foods which harm from your bone health. 

1. Sugar

Although sugar is an important source of human energy and an essential component of the human body, excessive sugar is the source of many diseases. Excessive intake can directly or indirectly lead to following major problems: obesity, diabetes, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and dental caries. In addition, excessive intake of sugar can also harm the bones. 

• When sucrose is metabolized in the body, it needs to consume a variety of minerals and vitamins, calcium is also one of them.
• Excessive sugar intake will directly affect the intake of other nutrients such as vitamins, dietary fiber, protein and minerals. It results in potassium deficiency, vitamin deficiency and calcium deficiency.
• Children who eat too much sweets are also one of the important reasons for the increase in their fracture rate.

In addition to obvious high-sugar foods such as candy, ice cream, and beverages, there are other foods that actually contain high sugars. Such as: yogurt, nutritious oatmeal, biscuits, nuts, potato chips, various sauces such as ketchup, salad dressing.

2. Salt

The main component of salt is sodium chloride which is mainly distributed in the human body in the form of ions. It content a large number and has a various effect in the human body.

When a person consumes too much salt, it will increase the concentration of sodium ions in the body. There is a competitive relationship between sodium ions and calcium ions in the human body. The increase of sodium ions will accelerate the loss of calcium ions. With the increase of urinary calcium excretion, the amount of bone calcium will decrease. It results in bone diseases such as osteoporosis and fractures. If the calcium content in the diet is low and high-salt food is taken, it will cause negative calcium balance and stimulate the parathyroid glands to increase the secretion of calcitonin. It causes bone loss and leading to hypocalcemia. A long-term high-salt diet will not only harm bones, but also cause different diseases such as cardiovascular and kidney diseases.

In addition to cooking with less salt, also pay attention to eating less high-sodium foods such as seasonings (such as soy sauce, chili sauce), processed foods (such as ham, sausage), and preserved foods (such as kimchi).

3. Alcohol

In addition to hurting the stomach and liver, drinking alcohol can also hurt bones. Drinking too much alcohol can increase the body's cortisol level. Cortisol can directly inhibit bone formation and indirectly stimulate bone resorption. It leads to bone loss. In addition, drinking too much alcohol will also cause an imbalance in the body's calcium nutrition metabolism. This will not only affect the absorption of calcium in food, but also make bone calcium be removed and the amount of calcium excretion greatly increased. It results in severe bone calcium deficiency and ultimately osteoporosis. Long-term heavy drinking will also affect the absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus in the intestines. This will reduce bone formation. 

In addition to bone damage, alcohol can also damage the brain, cardiovascular, esophagus, gastrointestinal, liver, prostate and other organs. It can induces diseases of related organs and cause acute and chronic alcoholism and cancer. Therefore, it is better to drink less alcohol.

👉The health of the bones is very important. Poor bone quality will affect people's quality of life, and may even endanger lives. Therefore, we must protect our bones. In addition to supplementing calcium with calcium supplements, you should also pay more attention to your own lifestyle habits.

Read More

The reasons why the blood pressure is sometimes high and low.💞💞💞

For patients with hypertension, blood pressure is the most frequently checked physical sign. But will your blood pressure be sometimes high and low? Will your blood pressure control be unstable? Will your blood pressure fluctuate too much? This situation is actually very common, but what causes this situation? The following reasons are why the blood pressure is sometimes high and low.

To understand the fluctuation range of normal blood pressure.

The blood pressure of a normal person has a fluctuation range and it is not a fixed value. The normal blood pressure range is 90-139mmHg for systolic blood pressure and 60-89mmHg for diastolic blood pressure. If it fluctuates between this range, it is the normal fluctuation range.

To understand the fluctuation rule of blood pressure.

When person woke up in the morning, blood pressure began to rise and achieved the highest at 8:00 to 10:00, then decline slightly. It was another peak period of blood pressure at 16:00 to 18:00. After that, the blood pressure began to drop and it achieved the lowest at 22:00 to 2:00. Therefore, from 8:00 to 10:00 every morning is the time of the highest blood pressure. It is called the morning peak blood pressure. This time is the best time to measure blood pressure.

Whether to follow the doctor's prescription.

Oral antihypertensive drugs should be taken consistently. You should not only take the drugs when the blood pressure rises. Do not stop the drugs immediately after the blood pressure drops. The drugs must keep taking even if your blood pressure is in a normal range. If you only take the drugs when blood pressure rises and stop taking when blood pressure drops, it will cause drastic fluctuations in blood pressure.

Whether to change the drugs frequently.

Some people originally took a drug and their blood pressure was already under control. But when they see someone else taking another medicine and think that the medicine taken by others is better. Then they switch to other medicines by themselves. This will change the original blood pressure. Therefore, never change the medicines yourself.

Take short-acting antihypertensive drugs.

Short-acting antihypertensive drugs have a relatively short time of action and need to be taken 2 to 3 times a day. It will cause fluctuations in blood pressure. Therefore, it always try to choose long-acting antihypertensive drugs. For example, long-acting sustained-release tablets or controlled-release tablets, they are taken once a day. They are more convenient to take and can keep blood pressure stable.

The blood pressure should be measured in a calm state.

If it is after eating, exercise, defecation or emotionally, the blood pressure measured will be higher. Therefore, after waking up in the morning, empty the bladder and urine, then measure the blood pressure in a calm state as the standard.

Long-term mental stress, high pressure and lack of sleep.

If you suffer from sleep deprivation for a long time, even on the basis of taking antihypertensive drugs, it may cause high blood pressure and blood pressure fluctuations. Therefore, in the case of taking antihypertensive drugs and blood pressure is still high, we should also pay attention to improving the quality of sleep.

Drinking and smoking can cause blood pressure fluctuations.

If blood pressure measured after drinking alcohol or smoking, since they can affect blood vessels, thereby affecting blood pressure.

👆The above are the common causes of blood pressure fluctuations. Evaluating the causes of blood pressure fluctuations can help stabilize blood pressure control.

Read More

Do you know that there are some small details about drinking water?

Drinking water is something that people must do every day and no day can be an exception. Otherwise the consequences will be disastrous. Now that the weather is getting colder, what details should you pay attention to when drinking water?

Precautions for the thermos bottle.

There are a lot of acidic substances which are dissolved in natural health tea and traditional Chinese herbal medicine. They may react with the chemical substances contained in the inner wall of the thermos bottle and dissolve into the liquid. Drinking this kind of liquid regularly will not only prevent you from maintaining your health, but will also make your body worse. Some Chinese herbal medicines will ferment in the thermos bottle and produce swelling gas. It causing the air pressure in the thermos bottle to increase sharply. When the bottle is opened again, it will produce a spouting and like explosion effect.

The following 3 kinds of drinks are also not recommended to be put in the thermos bottle:

1. Tea: Tea leaves are easy to ferment under the conditions of high temperature and constant temperature in a thermos bottle. Vitamins are destroyed. Aromatic oils volatilize. Tannins and theophylline are leached in large quantities. These not only reduce the nutritional value of tea, but also makes tea taste bitter and increase harmful substances. 
2. Milk: Storing milk in a thermos bottle can easily cause microbes to multiply rapidly. It leads to corruption. if drinking it, it may causes gastrointestinal discomfort.
3. Carbonated beverages: Some thermos bottles use high-manganese and low-nickel steel as the inner wall. They have poor corrosion resistance. In acidic solution, heavy metals are easy to precipitate. Therefore, carbonated drinks, fruit juices, acidic drinks, etc. should not be packed in this type of thermos bottles.

When using a thermos bottle, you can pour some hot water to preheat it. After that, pour it out and then refill liquid to avoid a sudden increase in air pressure caused by excessive temperature differences. Or lower the liquid temperature to about 70°C before pour it into the thermos bottle.

How much water should you drink every day?

Under normal situations, a normal adult needs 3,000 ml of water per day. The intake of about 1,000 ml through food such as vegetables, fruits and soups. The other part needs to be supplemented by drinking water. Therefore, an average adult needs to drink about 2,000 ml of water per day. In addition, drink more water when you exercise a lot or sweat a lot.

If you want to drink hot water in cold weather, what should you pay attention to?

The weather is cold in winter, and I always want to drink some warm hot water. In fact, too hot water will scald the esophagus and increase the risk of cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer lists hot beverages above 65°C as Class 2A carcinogens. Therefore, it is best to let the boiled water sit for a few minutes before drinking it. 

Is there the best time to drink water?

In fact, there is no best time for drinking water. It is recommended to drink water at any time. However, you can pay more attention to these few points in time:

1. Drinking a glass of boiled water after waking up in the morning can increase blood viscosity. It will help prevent heart disease cause by that.
2. Do not drink a lot of water immediately when you sweat a lot after strenuous exercise or work. You can moisten your throat with a little water first and then drink appropriate water after 30 minutes.
3. Drinking a small amount of water before going to bed can prevent the blood viscosity from increasing at night. But do not drink a lot of water, so as not to increase the amount of nocturnal urine and affect the quality of sleep.

Read More

Introduction to the time of taking common antihypertensive drugs.👍👍👍

As more and more people suffer from high blood pressure, antihypertensive drugs have become a common medicine. Hypertension is also a chronic disease and antihypertensive drugs need to be taken for a long time. Therefore, every hypertensive patient should learn how to properly take antihypertensive drugs.

Concept of taking time.

• Fasting: Take 1 hour before a meal or 2 hours after a meal.
• Before meal: Take 15-60 minutes before a meal.
• During meal: Take the medicine after have eaten a little meal and continue to eat after taking the medicine.
• After meal: Take 15-30 minutes after a meal.

The effects of antihypertensive drugs and food intake are mainly considered in two aspects:

1. Does food affect the absorption of drugs?
2. Adverse drug effects: For drugs with gastrointestinal adverse effects, taking the drug after a meal can alleviate the gastrointestinal adverse effects. Antihypertensive drugs basically have no gastrointestinal adverse reactions, so the drugs are generally not related to eating.

1. Angiotensin II receptor blockers

The names of drugs usually end with "-sartan", such as candesartan, irbesartan, losartan, olmesartan, telmisartan, valsartan, etc.

The time of taking these drugs has no significant relation with eating. Some drugs, such as telmisartan and valsartan, can reduce their absorption when taken. But they have no significant effect on the clinical efficacy.

2. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

The names of drugs usually end with "-pril", such as benazepril, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, imidapril, lisinopril, perindopril, ramipril.

Captopril and perindopril can be reduced the absorption by food in the stomach. Therefore, they should be taken 1 hour before a meal. The absorption of other is not affected by food or less affected. Therefore, they can be took before, during or after a meal.

3. α1-blockers

Drug names usually end with "-zosin", such as alfuzosin, doxazosin, terazosin and so on.

Alfuzosin controlled-release tablets should be taken after dinner. Eating can increase its absorption. Taking doxazosin with food can reduce its absorption, but does not affect the efficacy. Terazosin should be taken before going to bed to reduce the risk of orthostatic hypotension.

4. β-blockers

The names of medicines usually end with "-lol", such as bisoprolol, labetalol, metoprolol, propranolol, etc. 

Bisoprolol and labetalol have no influence with eating. Propranolol can be taken on an empty stomach or with food. Its bioavailability will increase when taken with food. 

Since metoprolol ordinary tablets can increase the bioavailability by 40% with eating. It should be taken on an empty stomach to reduce the occurrence of adverse effects. Metoprolol sustained-release tablets has no effect with has a meal.

🔔All β-blockers should not stopped suddenly. It will cause rebound hypertension.

5. Dihydropyridine calcium antagonists

Drug names usually end with "-dipine", such as amlodipine, cilnidipine, felodipine, lacidipine, nifedipine, etc.

Cilnidipine has digestive tract dysfunction and should be taken after a meal. The other drugs can be took before, during or after a meal.

6. Diuretics

Most common diuretics are furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone. The absorption of hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone can be increased with food. It should be taken during or after meals. Furosemide has no effect with eating.

In order to reduce the occurrence of sleep enuresis, it is recommended to take diuretics in the morning.

👉In addition to the pharmacological effects, adverse reactions, drug absorption and metabolism and other characteristics of different drugs, the taking time of drugs also varies from person to person. Even if the same type of drugs are taken at different times. Different dosage forms of the same drug have different taking time. Some patients have gastrointestinal adverse reactions after taking the medicine, they should choose to take it after meals.

Read More

Why is fasting blood sugar always unstable❓❓❓

Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia is caused by defective insulin secretion or impaired biological effects, or both. Long-term high blood sugar causes chronic damage and dysfunction of various tissues, especially kidneys, blood vessels, heart, eyes and nerves. As a diabetic patient, in addition to using hypoglycemic drugs to control blood sugar, the patient must also monitor and record his blood sugar level. But why the fasting blood sugar of some patients have been sometimes high and sometimes low and they are always unstable, although they have the regular life, medication, diet and exercise arrangements?

Many people misunderstand that blood glucose before breakfast is equaled to fasting blood glucose.

Monitoring intravenous blood glucose in the hospital alone is not enough to understand the patient's condition changes. The doctors cannot formulate a reasonable and effective treatment plan based on that. Therefore, patients need to monitor blood glucose daily at home. 

After many people get up every morning, they usually finish the housework such as brushing their teeth and washing their face, making breakfast, or taking care of the children, and then measure their blood sugar. Many people mistakenly think that fasting blood glucose is the blood glucose level measured after getting up in the morning and taking blood before eating breakfast. In fact, it is not.

The correct meaning of fasting blood sugar.

After a person wakes up, the body will also be in a state of preparation for activity as the brain is awake. The levels of various hormones in the body begin to actively change and the blood sugar level also changes. Especially in patients treated with insulin, the blood sugar level is more likely to rise suddenly and decline suddenly.

In fact, fasting blood sugar is not measured the blood sugar on an empty stomach only. Fasting refers to the blood glucose level measured overnight, fasting for at least 8 hours and immediately after waking up. It can reflect the function of pancreatic islet β cells and generally indicates the secretion function of basic insulin. It is the most commonly used indicator for the detection of diabetes. The normal value should be less than 100mg/dl. If it is between 100-125mg/dl, it is pre-diabetes. If it is above 126mg/dl, it is diabetes.

Therefore, the first thing a diabetic patient should do after waking up is to wash his hands with warm water and then immediately check and record blood sugar. In this way, the fasting blood glucose can be measured accurately. If the fasting blood glucose is measured and there is still some time before breakfast, you can also compare the daily morning fasting blood glucose with the results of the pre-breakfast blood glucose measurement. It can provide a reference for adjusting medication in the future.

Why do the blood sugar before breakfast still need to measure even if the fasting blood glucose was measured?

The patient measures the pre-meal blood sugar can understand the blood sugar changes between meals. Without changing the dosage of drugs, the patient can rely on adjusting the type of food and the amount of food that he eat to ensure a stable blood sugar after a meal.

👉Only by accurately detecting blood sugar, the doctors can adjust the patient's medications and living habits reasonably and accurately. It also can help patients find problems at any time and go to the hospital for medical treatment in time. Accurate blood sugar testing can reduce the risk of diabetes complications. Good blood sugar control can improve the quality of life of patients and improve their physical condition.

Read More

Gout: why does uric acid still raising although control the diet strictly?😵😵😵

Changes in uric acid can be affected by many factors. Although patients with gout have to control their diet, the effect of controlling uric acid is also uncertain. Some patients even usually do not eat seafood and animal offal, and legumes are rarely high, but uric acid is still increasing. Faced with this situation, should the patient take uric acid-lowering drugs?

1. Although patients have controlled their diet, why are the uric acid still increasing?

Hyperuricemia can be divided into 3 types: high uric acid production, poor uric acid excretion and mixed type. Researches found that 90% of primary hyperuricemia belong to the type of poor uric acid excretion. 80% of blood uric acid comes from the body's synthesis and 20% comes from diet. Therefore, the effect of reducing uric acid only by controlling diet is very limited. However, since high sodium salt can affect the excretion of uric acid, patients with gout should control their salt intake.

2. Why do hyperuricemia and gout cause kidney damage?

In patients with hyperuricemia, if urate crystals are deposited in the joints, it will cause gouty arthritis. If urate crystals are deposited in the kidneys, it will cause kidney stones, interstitial nephritis, acute and chronic renal failure. Kidney damage is the second most common comorbidity of hyperuricemia and gout.

3. Blood uric acid is not too high, why do gout attacks?

20% of patients with gout have a family history. There are three major factors that induce gout attacks: 

The blood uric acid level is too high

• According to statistics, the blood uric acid level at the first attack of gout was 527μmol/L for men and 516μmol/L for women. Therefore, when the blood uric acid level is greater than or equal to 540 μmol/L, uric acid-lowering treatment should be started. The blood uric acid should be controlled to be less than 420 μmol/L.

The blood uric acid level fluctuates too much

• A sudden increase in blood uric acid levels can cause gout attacks. In male patients, the most important factor inducing gout attacks is drinking (25.5%), followed by high-purine diet (22.9%). A sudden drop in blood uric acid levels can also cause gout attacks. For the first 3 to 6 months of taking uric acid lowering drugs, colchicine (0.5 to 1 mg/day) should be taken orally to prevent gout attacks.

A sudden cold of limbs

• At a body temperature of 37°C, the saturated solubility of blood urate is 404.5 μmol/L. The lower the temperature, the lower the solubility of urate. When the blood supply of the foot is poor, the temperature of skin and the pH of the tissue fluid are low and under a great pressure. Most of the joints of first time gout are the first metatarsophalangeal joints.

4. Why must patients with gout avoid from alcohol and lose weight?

Alcohol metabolism requires the participation of adenosine triphosphate. The consumption of adenosine triphosphate can directly increase the production of uric acid. Alcohol also leads to an increase in serum lactic acid levels which can reduce uric acid excretion. Therefore, patients with gout must abstain from alcohol. Obesity can lead to insulin resistance which increases kidney reabsorption of uric acid and increases blood uric acid levels. Therefore, obese hyperuricemia and gout patients must lose weight.

Patients with gout should not eat fruits with high fructose content such as oranges, apples, grapefruits, longans, lychees,  persimmons and pomegranates. Patients with gout should not eat more plant foods with high purine content such as shiitake seaweed, mushrooms, asparagus, straw mushrooms, kelp and grain germs.

Lemons, cherries and olives are relatively beneficial to patients with gout.

5. Which uric acid lowering drug is better for patients with gout?

At present, the commonly used clinically for lowering uric acid are febuxostat, allopurinol and benzbromarone. Uric acid-lowering drugs can be selected according to the following 3 points:

1. Uric acid-lowering effect: febuxostat > allopurinol ≈ benzbromarone.
2. Potential cardiovascular event risk: febuxostat > allopurinol.
3. Fatal exfoliative dermatitis: allopurinol (prohibited for those with positive HLA-B*5801 gene).
4. Hepatotoxicity: benzbromarone> allopurinol ≈ febuxostat.

180μmol/L ≤ blood uric acid ＜ 300μmol/L can promote the dissolution of tophi. The control target of blood uric acid in patients with gout is < 360μmol/L. For patients with hyperuricemia without comorbidities, the control target is < 420μmol/L.

6. Should the patient use uric acid lowering drugs?

For all gout patients, it is recommended to start uric acid-lowering drug treatment when blood uric acid is ≥480μmol/L.

Patients with chronic kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, stroke, ischemic heart disease, heart failure and gout whose age of onset is less than 40 years old. It is recommended to start uric acid-lowering drug treatment when blood uric acid is ≥ 420μmol/L.

The glomerular filtration rate of this patient is less than 60ml/min. The uric acid production inhibitor febuxostat or allopurinol can be preferred.

👉When combined medicines, they should be used that do not affect or reduce the level of uric acid.

Read More

The most effective medicine for hair loss.👳👳👳

Men who think too much and sleep too little can cause hair loss and the most common cause is androgenetic alopecia. Nowadays, the society pays much attention to appearance. It may be due to factors such as diet and stress, there are more and more people who lose hair. It is regardless of whether they are male or female. Therefore, hair loss is also a concern of many people. Hair loss not only affects the appearance, but may even affect the psychology and cause mental illness.

1. What is androgenetic alopecia?

Androgenetic alopecia used to be called seborrheic alopecia which is mainly manifested by the loss of hair on the top of the head and the receding hairline. Although there are many drugs that are clinically used to treat androgenic alopecia, currently there are two types of drugs that are generally recognized as effective: the oral drug and the topical drug.

2. Finasteride: For men only

The growth and development of the prostate depends on the level of dihydrotestosterone. Finasteride is a 5α-reductase inhibitor. It can inhibit the conversion of testosterone into more active dihydrotestosterone. It has an antiandrogenic effect, so it is also used to treat existing symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

The activity of 5α-reductase in hair follicles in male hair loss areas is significantly higher than that in non-hair loss areas. High levels of dihydrotestosterone can shrink hair follicles which will gradually lead to long-term hair shortening, thinning and shedding. Since finasteride can reduce the level of dihydrotestosterone, it is also used in the treatment of androgen alopecia.

Oral finasteride generally takes more than three months to observe increased hair growth or prevent continued hair loss. Symptoms can recur within 12 months after stopping the drug.

Dosage: Oral finasteride is available in 5 mg and 1 mg specifications.

• 5mg each time, once a day. It is used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
• 1mg each time, once a day. It is used for the treatment of male hair loss.
• Finasteride can reduce sexual function. Use during pregnancy can feminize the male fetus (hypospadias). Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant should not even touch the fragments of finasteride. Not only that, finasteride is not effective in treating female hair loss. Therefore, finasteride is not recommended for female hair loss.

3. Spironolactone: For female's androgenetic alopecia

Spironolactone is an anti-androgen. It can reduce the secretion of androgens. It can play a role in multiple links in the occurrence of hair loss. It significantly reduces the binding of DHT to the androgen receptor in the follicle. It has a certain therapeutic effect on androgenetic alopecia. It can also increase the concentration of estrogen relatively and play a role in promoting hair growth. The best way to use it is combining with minoxidil. There are researches pointed out that the use of spironolactone combined with minoxidil can increase the effect by more than 40% compared with minoxidil alone.

Dosage: 

• The recommended dosage of spironolactone for the treatment of hair loss is 100-200mg, twice a day and take the medicine on time every day. Only when the therapeutic dosage is achieved, the best effect can be reached. This drug should be consulted by a doctor for using.

4. Minoxidil: Men and women available

Minoxidil is a K⁺ channel opener. It can relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure. It is mainly used for the treatment of refractory severe hypertension. It is not suitable for using alone. it needs to be used in combination with diuretics and β-receptor blockers to avoid water and sodium retention and sympathetic reflex excitement. 

The curative effect of topical minoxidil in the treatment of male and female hair loss has been confirmed by clinical research. It may be related to the fact that minoxidil stimulates dermal papilla cells to express vascular endothelial growth factor, expands scalp blood vessels, and improves microcirculation. The average onset time for topical application is 12 weeks and the recommended course of medication is 0.5 to 1 year.

Dosage: There are two kinds of minoxidil topical preparations: 5% and 2%.

• Regardless of men and women, 5% minoxidil is more effective than 2% minoxidil. But it is still recommended: 5% minoxidil for male patients and 2% minoxidil for female patients. It is because 5% minoxidil can increase local or generalized hirsutism in women.
• The usage and dosage of minoxidil topical preparations are as follows: apply to the affected area of the head 1ml each time, twice a day. Researches have proved that for topical application about 0.3-4.5% of minoxidil which can be absorbed through the skin. So the daily dosage should not exceed 2ml, otherwise it may cause systemic adverse reactions.

👉The above drugs are all prescription drugs. Before using them, you should consult the doctor for more details.

Read More

What prefer to eat during cancer treatment?🍜🍛🍣

In the progression of cancer treatment, in addition to observing the doctor's prescription, taking medicines on time and in accordance with the method, you should also pay more attention to your diet. The following will briefly introduce the dietary recommendations during cancer treatment.

The basis of diet during cancer treatment: 

1. In treatment and rehabilitation, it is most important to ensure sufficient nutrition. The importance of dietary intake is equivalent to receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy and taking medicine.
2. To satisfy a comprehensive and balanced diet. It is also important to ensure food safety.
3. During the treatment period, adjust the supply of nutrients, adjust the shape of food, and adjust the way of nutrient supply according to the situation.

Recommended food during cancer treatment:

1. Ensure intaking enough high-quality protein.

One egg a day.

Dairy products 1-2 times a day such as a glass of milk, special medical formula food nutrient solution and a portion of sugar-free yogurt. If you are already malnourished patients, dairy products can choose special medical formula foods instead of milk.

Choose 2 different types of foods with high quality protein content every day. The intake is about 2-3 pieces the size of your own palm:

• Poultry (duck, chicken, etc.)
• Meat (pig, sheep, cattle, etc.)
• Aquatic products (sea fish, river fish, crab, shrimp, etc.)
• Soy or soybean products (green beans/soybeans/edamame, tofu, etc.)

2. Eat at least 500 grams of vegetables every day and try to choose varieties with rich colors. 

• It is because the richer the color, the more healthy nutrients, such as dark green, red and yellow vegetables. In particular, you should eat more dark green vegetables rich in folic acid, such as spinach, Chinese kale and so on. If eating vegetables causes flatulence during the treatment period, it can be adjusted to part of the food and the other part is drunk the vegetable juice which filters residue.

3. If your hemogram is relatively low, you can eat pig liver once a week.

4. Take 1-2 fruits a day

• The intake is about the size of your own 2 fists and preferably with high vitamin C content.

5. A small handful of original nuts every day.

• The intake amount is that you can hold it with your hands after peeling the shell. Such as walnuts, almonds, Brazil nuts, pistachios and so on. You can mix several different types or change different types every few days.

6. One small spoonful of seeds a day.

• It is about 10 ml such as sesame seeds, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, flax seeds, hemp seeds and chia seeds. You can also mix them according to your preferences.

7. Don't forget the staple food.

• 2-3 servings of your own fist size a day, which can be rice, noodles, miscellaneous grains.

👉At last, If you have a poor appetite, you can use a blender to process the above food to make a nutritious paste. The amount of food will appear to be much less.

Read More

Is it correct to sit or take a walk after a meal?🏃🏃🏃

Some people say that taking a walk after a meal is a good way to keep your body healthy. However, there are also someone said that exercise should not be carried out after a meal, and it is best to sit or lie down to rest. So which one is the right thing to do after a meal?

Suggested practice:

It is generally believed that in the 20 minutes after a meal, it is best to maintain an upright posture (standing upright, sitting upright). It can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis and help digestion.

Why not recommend taking a walk after a meal?

In fact, taking a proper walk after a meal can indeed help relieve the mood and promote digestion. It can be good for the body. But this walk after a meal is not to make you take a walk as soon as possible after having a meal. It is let you to take a walk 20-30 minutes after having a meal. Because the stomach is in a full state just after eating. It often requires blood to run to the stomach and intestines for initial digestion. If you take a walk immediately, blood will be concentrated in your limbs and will cause gastrointestinal activity being delayed. It can easily lead to indigestion.

As walking will affect digestion, is it okay to lie down?

Of course not. When you have just eaten a full meal. The stomach is full of food and the digestive function is in a state of activation. At this time, lying down will affect gastrointestinal peristalsis which is not conducive to food digestion and absorption. In addition, lying down immediately after a meal will increase the pressure in the stomach. It will lead to gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is more likely to suffer from chronic gastric disease in the long term. Moreover, if you fall asleep immediately after a meal, the body's metabolic rate will gradually decrease during sleep. It is easy to convert the calories in the food into fat. It will make you becoming fatter.

All in all, sit upright and rest after a meal is the best way for your health. If the abdominal is uncomfortable after eating full, you can massage your abdomen appropriately. This can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, relieve the discomfort of abdominal distension, strengthen the digestion, absorption and excretion of food. However, attention must be paid, otherwise it will be counterproductive.

Abdominal massage method:

• Lightly touch the abdomen with the palm of the hand and massage in a clockwise direction with the navel as the center. The force should be moderate, from light to heavy. It will be better as you feel a slight warm in the abdomen.
• When there is a purulent infection of the abdominal skin or acute inflammation of the abdomen (such as enteritis and appendicitis), it should not be massaged the abdomen.

Does drinking tea after a meal will help losing weight?

Some people think that drinking a cup of strong tea after a meal can help eliminate oil, reduce greasy feeling, help digestion and lose weight. But in fact, drinking tea immediately after a meal will obstruct digestion. It inhibits the secretion of gastric and intestinal juices. That affects the body's digestion and absorption of food. It can easily lead to constipation.

Drink yogurt immediately after a meal to help digestion?

Drinking yogurt after a meal also fails to help digestion. Do not drink yogurt immediately after a meal. It is more appropriate to drink it two hours after a meal. It is because when the pH value of human gastric juice is high, the lactic acid bacteria contained in the yogurt will grow fully which is beneficial to health. About two hours after a meal, the gastric juice in the human body has been diluted. The pH value will rise to 3 to 5. It is a better time to drink yogurt. Moreover, yogurt is rich in many nutrients and it is not low in calories (even it is non-fat yogurt). Yogurt itself contains a certain amount of calories. Drinking yogurt after a meal is equivalent to taking in these extra calories. If you drink yogurt after a meal every day, you will become fatter slowly. Therefore, if overweight people or on a diet want to drink yogurt after a meal, the amount of staple food needs to be reduced appropriately.

Read More

What is the difference between metoprolol tartrate and metoprolol succinate?😵😵😵

Metoprolol is a commonly used selective β1 receptor blocker in clinical. It is
mainly used to treat cardiovascular related diseases such as hypertension, hyperthyroidism, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, arrhythmia and heart failure. In currently clinical, there are two dosage forms. They are metoprolol tartrate tablets and metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablets. Although they are both metoprolol, they are different dosage forms and have different administration methods.

1. Indications

Since they are both Metoprolol, their indications are basically the same. They can be used to treat myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, heart failure and so on. 

For patients who need to stably control blood pressure and treat heart disease for long-term, metoprolol sustained-release tablets have more advantages than ordinary tablets.

2. Dosage difference

Metoprolol tartrate is an ordinary tablet. The drug can be completely disintegrated after it entering the body. The blood concentration will quickly achieve the peak value and result in a systemic effect. However, the ordinary tablet will remove quickly in the body. So it has a short half-life. The effect of ordinary tablets will not be destroyed by breaking or crushing. Therefore, it can be broken or crushed for taking.

The sustained-release dosage form of metoprolol succinate is composed of many microencapsulated particles. Each particle is wrapped with a polymer film to form an independent storage unit to control the release rate of the drug. Therefore, metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablets are different from other sustained-release tablets. If it is necessary, the tablets can be broken apart to increase dosage. But it cannot grind or chew tablets. the microcapsule particles will be destroyed by grinding or chewing. It will causes all the drugs in the microcapsules are released immediately. It will increase the medical effects greatly and aggravate adverse effects.

3. Administration methods

The half-life of metoprolol tartrate tablets is 3-5 hours. Therefore, the commonly used clinical dose is 2-4 times a day.

Metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablets are released in the body at a nearly constant rate for about 20 hours. The blood concentration is stable and the effect exceeds 24 hours. Therefore, it only needs to be taken once a day. It is recommended to take it in the morning.

4. Food

Metoprolol tartrate tablets are fat-soluble drugs. Food can affect their absorption. If the drug is took with meals, it can greatly increase the bioavailability of the drug by 40% and increase the incidence of side effects such as bradycardia. Therefore, in order to avoid the increase of adverse drug events, the drug should be taken on an empty stomach.

The release of metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablets is not affected by the pH value in the stomach and the intake of food does not affect its bioavailability either. Therefore, the drug can be taken before or after meals. However, the drug should be took by at least half a glass of water.

5. Contraindications

Their contraindications are also basically the same.

• Cardiogenic shock
• Unstable/decompensated heart failure
• II, III degree atrioventricular block
• Sick sinus syndrome
• Severe peripheral vascular disease with risk of gangrene
• Metoprolol allergy
• Bradycardia 
• Low blood pressure
• Suspected acute myocardial infarction patients with heart rate < 45 beats/min, P-Q interval > 0.24 seconds or systolic blood pressure <100 mmHg

👉It is necessary to pay attention to the different usage methods of the two dosage forms. It should be avoided the unnecessary adverse reactions.

Read More

Do you know that there are some precautions for taking a bath?😉😉😉

Winter is here, will you take a hot bath comfortably or still take a cold bath? I think almost people will take a hot bath leisurely. It makes your hands, feet and the whole body feel warm and can also relax your spirit. But in fact, there are some precautions for taking a bath. If you don't pay attention, the bath may harm your health.

Don't take a bath when you are the situations below:

1. Take a bath before meals/on an empty stomach.

When a person is fasting, blood sugar is staying in a low state. Taking a bath in the cold season will increase physical energy consumption. It will not only be prone to fatigue and weak limbs, but it will also further decrease blood sugar. If the situation is severe, hypoglycemic shock can also occur.

Recommendation: It is best not to take a bath when you are fasting.

2. After strenuous exercise

When a person has a strenuous exercise, the heart rate increases and the blood flow in the muscles increases. As soon as he stopped, his body was temporarily unable to return to a calm state. Taking a hot bath immediately at that time will cause the body to be stimulated by temperature. It accelerate the expansion of blood vessels in the skin of the whole body and cause the reduction of blood supply to other vital organs. When the blood supply of the heart and brain is reduced to a certain extent, the human body will have symptoms of transient hypotension and cerebral ischemia. It will manifest as palpitation, dizziness, nausea and so on. Especially for people with coronary heart disease, hypertension and other diseases, fatal accidents may occur.

Recommendation: After strenuous exercise, You can slowly drink a glass of warm water, rest for 20-30 minutes, and then go to the bath.

3. After drinking alcohol

After drinking alcohol, some people like to wash off the smell of alcohol before going to bed. But taking a bath at that time will cause accelerating the blood circulation and consuming a large amount of glucose in the body. It will cause the blood glucose level decreasing greatly. In addition, ethanol can also inhibit the activity of the liver and obstruct its release of glycogen into the blood. It will make the blood glucose can't raising. Therefore, taking a bath after drinking can easily lead to hypoglycemia, making people dizzy, weak and even unconscious.

Recommendation: If you drink a small amount of alcohol, you can rest for half an hour before taking a bath. If you drink too much, it is better to postpone the bath time. The water temperature during bathing is best to be close to body temperature.

4. After massage or cupping therapy, etc.

Health care methods such as massage and cupping therapy can promote congestion on the body surface and speed up blood circulation. But many people don't know that it is not suitable to take a bath after massage and cupping therapy. When a person takes a bath, hot water can also irritate the skin. Under the combined action of the two, it will even cause relatively hypoxia, collapse or fainting in vital organs such as the brain. In addition, Chinese medicine believes that their skin pores will open after massage. At this time they are very susceptible to cold and sickness when taking a bath.

Recommendation: After the massage, you should rest for 1 to 2 hours in a warm environment. It is best to take a bath after 3 hours after cupping therapy.

In addition, you should not take a bath immediately after meals and after taking insulin.

Advices for taking bath.

1. The bathroom must be ventilated.

The humid and sultry air in the bathroom can cause low air pressure. When people stay inside for a long time, it is prone to breathing difficulties, fainting and so on.

2. Drink some water before and after bathing.

Bathing in a sultry environment makes it easy for people to sweat. If you don't drink water in time, it will easily lead to collapse.

3. The bath water temperature should not be too high.

If the water temperature is too high, it will take away too much oil on the skin surface. It will make the skin that is prone to dryness in winter even more drier. In addition, overheated water speeds up blood flow on the body's surface and reduces blood flow in vital organs. For people with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease, it is easy to cause accidents such as cardiac ischemia.

4. After bathing, apply some skin care products.

After bathing, the moisture on the skin surface will evaporate more. The skin is also prone to more dryness in winter. For people with less sebum secretion such as dry skin, it is easy to develop symptoms such as dry skin and itching in winter. Especially the elderly, they have worse skin normally. Therefore, they need to pay more attention to applying skin care products.

5. The elderly can put a chair in the bathroom.

The elderly who take a bath in a cold environment may consume a lot of physical strength. It may causes physical weakness and inability to stand up.

Read More

Let's learn more detail about the calcium supplementation.😎😎😎

In today's society, more and more people know the importance of calcium supplementation. However, calcium supplementation actually has many confusing points. Calcium supplementation is not solved simply by just taking calcium tablets. This time, let us learn more about the knowledge of calcium supplementation.

Can bone soup supplement calcium?

Although the bones contain a lot of calcium, they do not dissolve out of the soup easily. Studies have shown that when bone soup is boiled in a pressure cooker for two hours, the calcium content in the soup is still very small.

Is soy milk high-calcium food?

The calcium content of soy milk is only about 1/20 of that of soybeans, which is about 25 mg of calcium per 100 grams of soy milk. This value is only 1/5 of milk.

Is liquid calcium easier to absorb?

A large number of studies have shown that the absorption of calcium is not directly related to the form of calcium. There is no significant difference in the absorption rate of solid calcium and liquid calcium.

Only supplement calcium without vitamin D.

Vitamin D can help calcium absorption. Vitamin D is required for calcium to be transported into the human body. Therefore, vitamin D should be supplemented while supplementing calcium.

Calcium can only be supplemented by taking calcium tablets?

Many people only supplement calcium by taking calcium tablets. In fact, dietary calcium supplementation should be the first choice for calcium supplementation. It is better to take food as the main source of calcium supplementation than taking calcium tablets.

Is more and more calcium supplemented better?

Excessive calcium supplementation can easily cause hypercalcemia. It may leads to kidney stones and vascular calcification. Calcium supplementation should also be small amount and frequent. Calcium should not be took too large at a time.

Can calcium supplements cure osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is one of the manifestations of human aging. Even if the elderly supplemented with a large amount of calcium, the trend of bone loss cannot be reversed. Therefore, calcium supplementation cannot cure osteoporosis, but can only delay the progression of the disease.

The effect of drinking beverages on calcium supplementation.

Most beverages contain phosphate. Phosphate will obstruct the body from absorbing calcium. Therefore, people with calcium supplements should drink less beverages.

Signs of calcium deficiency

Children:

• Difficulty in falling asleep, sweating after falling asleep, easy to wake up, knock knees, bowleg, gray nails, delayed teething, sparse or irregular teeth arrangement, etc.
• Babies can be supplemented with appropriate amount of vitamin D 15 days after birth. 3-11 years old should intake 600-800mg of calcium per day. Calcium can be obtained by consuming 250-500g of milk a day and outdoor activities for more than 1 hour.

Teenager:

• Obvious growth pain, weak legs, easy cramps, easy tiredness, irritability, inattention, anorexia, dysplasia of teeth, tooth decay, decreased immunity, etc.
• Adolescents between 11-18 should consume 1000 mg of calcium per day. It is best to supplement with food and eat more foods with high calcium content such as shellfish and dairy foods. Early calcium supplementation in youth is a good way to prevent middle-aged and elderly osteoporosis.

Pregnant women and middle-aged people:

• Frequent fatigue, sore back, cramps, easy get sick, loose teeth, etc., may be the signs of calcium deficiency, especially in middle-aged women.
• For women after 40-year-old, it is best to have 1 glass of milk in the morning and evening. In the early pregnancy, calcium can be supplemented with rich foods. In the second trimester, calcium supplements can be taken under the guidance of a doctor. Breastfeeding women should take 1200mg of calcium per day which can be divided into two doses.

Elderly:

• Heel pain, waist and neck pain, loose or falling teeth, obvious hunchback, decreased height, decreased appetite, constipation, irritability, insomnia, etc.
• Calcium supplementation for the elderly should also be based on food supplements and calcium tablets should be used carefully and control the amount. The general diet can be supplemented with about 400mg of calcium and an additional 400mg from calcium supplements. Because the gastrointestinal function of the elderly is weak, it is better to choose liquid organic calcium and take it after meals.

Tips of supplement calcium:

High-calcium foods: Nuts, green vegetables, dairy products and soy products are the best sources of calcium in foods. Such as cashew nuts, hazelnuts, spinach, broccoli, milk, tofu, etc.

Sun exposure: Stay outdoors for 20-30 minutes every day with as much exposed area as possible. Do more exercises that strengthen your bones, such as jogging and cycling.

Calcium supplementation at night: Night is the time when the blood concentration is lower and the absorption effect of calcium supplementation will be better at this time. It is generally recommended to take calcium supplements within 1 hour after dinner or about 2 hours before going to bed.

Vitamins supplement: Vitamin D can promote calcium absorption and it can be ingested from foods such as mushrooms and eggs. Vitamin K can activate osteocalcin and promote calcium deposition to the bones. Green vegetables such as broccoli and spinach are rich in vitamin K.

Magnesium supplementation: When calcium is absorbed into the blood, magnesium will transport calcium to the bones until the bones no longer lack calcium. Foods rich in magnesium include seaweed, peanuts and green vegetables.

Eat meat in moderation: Studies have shown that for every extra 50g of protein intake, calcium excretion will increase by 60mg. Therefore, eating too much meat will obstruct the absorption of calcium. It is recommended that the daily meat intake of adults should be 50-75g.

Light diet: Studies have shown that for every 2300mg of sodium (about 6g of salt) excreted by the kidneys, 40-60mg of calcium will be excreted at the same time. Therefore, the intake of salt must be controlled. The intake of coffee, strong tea, etc. should also be controlled.

👉The recommended calcium intake for adults is 800 mg per day. If you need to take calcium supplement once a day, it is recommended to take it before going to bed. If you take it twice a day, the other can be took 1-2 hours after breakfast. This prevents the interaction of food with calcium. Calcium supplement with vitamin D, minerals such as magnesium, potassium, zinc, etc., will be better effect. If you want to drink milk, you can take calcium supplement 0.5-1 hour after drinking. You should get appropriate exposure to the sun and exercise reasonably. 

Read More

You should know the contraindications of food and common medicine.😮😮😮

Do you think that it should have 100% medical effect after you took the medicine? Actually, when the medicine is absorbed, it also interacts and affects the food in the body. Therefore, in order to prevent the effect of the medicine decreasing and even unnecessary adverse reactions, you should know the dietary contraindications of the common medicine.

1. Tea - berberine

Berberine is a medicinal ingredient that has received widespread attention and use in recent years. It is a quaternary ammonium alkaloid isolated from Coptis chinensis and also is its main antibacterial active ingredient. It is yellow needle-like crystal and with bitter taste. It is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. In addition to antibacterial and anti-infective effects, it has also been found to have the effects of lowering blood lipids and blood sugar. Therefore, there are more and more berberine products on the market. 

Tea contains about 10% tannin which is decomposed into tannic acid in the human body. Tannic acid will precipitate the alkaloids in berberine. It will greatly reduce its efficacy. Therefore, you do not drink tea within 2 hours before and after taking berberine.

2. Coke, coffee - ibuprofen

Ibuprofen is an antipyretic and analgesic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It inhibits cyclooxygenase and reduces the synthesis of prostaglandins. It cause producing analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. It has an antipyretic effect through the hypothalamic body temperature regulation center. It can relieve mild to moderate pain and is also used for fever caused by colds or influenza.

Ibuprofen has greater irritation to the gastric mucosa. The caffeine contained in coke and coffee can stimulate gastric acid secretion. Therefore, it will aggravate the stimulating effect of ibuprofen on the gastric mucosa.

3. Hot water - pancreatin and diastase pepsin tablets

Pancreatin and diastase pepsin tablets are mixtures of multiple enzymes which has a strong effect in neutral or weak alkaline environment. It can promote the digestion of fat, protein and starch in the intestines and has the effect of promoting appetite.

The active proteins of these enzymes are easy to coagulate and denature when exposed to hot water. They will lose their abilities of promoting digestion. Therefore, it is best to use low-temperature water when taking pancreatin and diastase pepsin tablets.

4. Spinach - calcium tablets

Calcium is one of the most common elements in the human body. In addition to its effects on bones and teeth, it also plays an important role in nervous system operation, cell function, human metabolism and protein hormone synthesis.

Spinach contains a lot of potassium oxalate. The oxalate ions are electrolyzed after potassium oxalate entered the human body. It will precipitate calcium ions which not only obstructed the body to absorb calcium, but also easily generates calcium oxalate stones. It is recommended that you do not eat spinach within 2 hours before and after taking calcium tablets. Or cook the spinach first and wait until the potassium oxalate is dissolved in water, then pour all the water before eating.

5. Milk - Antidiarrheal drugs

Antidiarrheal drugs are used to treat diarrhea. The antidiarrheal effect is mainly achieved by reducing intestine movements or protecting the intestinal tract from irritation. Antidiarrheal drugs are suitable for severe diarrhea or long-term chronic diarrhea to prevent excessive dehydration of the body, imbalance of water and salt metabolism, indigestion or nutritional disorders.

When you are taking antidiarrheal drugs, it is not suitable for drinking milk. Milk not only reduces the efficacy of antidiarrheal drugs. It may also aggravate diarrhea symptoms because it contains lactose.

6. Banana - potassium-sparing diuretics

Although most types of diuretics are excreted potassium, there is one type which is sparing potassium. During taking potassium-sparing diuretics (such as spironolactone, eplerenone), potassium will decrease excreting in urine and stay in the blood.

If you eat bananas that are rich in potassium during taking potassium-sparing diuretics, the accumulation of potassium in the body will be more serious. It will easily cause hyperkalemia and induce complications in the heart and blood pressure.

7. Grapefruit juice - a variety of medicines

There are many medicines that interact with grapefruit juice. Therefore, you should not drink grapefruit juice when you are taking medicines. Because the ingredients in grapefruit juice can affect the metabolic enzymes or transporters of the drugs, such as verapamil, cyclosporine, statins, nifedipine and so on. It results in excessive or low drug concentration in the blood. It may increases the risk of side effects or decreases the medical effects.

👉It is best to read the instructions carefully and consult a doctor or pharmacist.

Read More