An introduction to Nivolumab (Opdivo®) and its common usage and dosage.(Part 1)👀👀👀

Nivolumab (Opdivo®) is a monoclonal antibody. It binds to the PD-1 receptor,
thereby blocking the interaction of the PD-1 receptor with PD-L1 and PD-L2. Immunosuppressive responses mediated by the PD-1 pathway will be blocked (such as tumor immune responses). Nivolumab can be used to treat a variety of malignant tumors in adults. Nivolumab is commonly used in the form of injection.

Common Adult Usage and Dosage of Nivolumab:

Recommended dose of nivolumab monotherapy:

Indications	Dosage	Duration
Non-small cell lung cancer (including metastatic) Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma	Once every two weeks, 240 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. or Once every four weeks, 480 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. or Once every two weeks, 3 mg/kg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes.	Until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Advanced renal cell carcinoma Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma Locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Unresectable or metastatic melanoma Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer	Once every two weeks, 240 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. or Once every four weeks, 480 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes.	Until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Adjuvant therapy for melanoma Adjuvant therapy for urothelial carcinoma (UC)	Once every two weeks, 240 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. or Once every four weeks, 480 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes.	Until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs, no longer than one year.
Adjuvant therapy after resection of esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer	Once every two weeks, 240 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. or Once every four weeks, 480 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. Continue for 16 weeks, then 480 mg every four weeks	Until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The total course of treatment is one year.

Recommended doses of nivolumab when used in combination with other drugs:

Indications	Dosage	Duration
Unresectable or metastatic melanoma	Once every three weeks, 1 mg/kg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes, combined with ipilimumab 3 mg/kg intravenous injection.	Administer in combination with ipilimumab for up to four times or until unacceptable toxicity occurs, whichever occurs first.
	Once every two weeks, 240 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. or Once every four weeks, 480 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes.	After completing four cycles of combination therapy, the drug was administered as a single agent until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Neoadjuvant therapy for resectable non-small cell lung cancer	Nivolumab 360 mg combined with platinum-containing drugs were infused on the same day once every three weeks, intravenously over 30 minutes.	Combined with a platinum-containing doublet chemotherapy regimen for a total of three cycles.
Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer expressing PD-L1	360 mg once every three weeks, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. Ipilimumab was administered as an intravenous infusion of 1 mg/kg over 30 minutes every 6 weeks.	Administer ipilimumab in combination until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity or up to two years in patients without disease progression.
Metastatic or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer	360 mg once every three weeks, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. Ipilimumab was administered as an intravenous infusion of 1 mg/kg over 30 minutes every 6 weeks. Platinum-based doublet chemotherapy every three weeks	Administer ipilimumab in combination until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity or up to two years in patients without disease progression.
		Two cycles of histology-based platinum doublet chemotherapy.
Malignant pleural mesothelioma	Nivolumab 360 mg once every three weeks is administered as an intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. Ipilimumab was administered as an intravenous infusion of 1 mg/kg over 30 minutes every 6 weeks. Or Nivolumab 3 mg/kg every two weeks.	Administer ipilimumab in combination until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity or up to two years in patients without disease progression.
Advanced renal cell carcinoma	Nivolumab 3 mg/kg once every 3 weeks, with ipilimumab 1 mg/kg, was infused intravenously over 30 minutes.	Use in combination with ipilimumab for four doses.
	Once every two weeks, 240 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. or Once every four weeks, 480 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes.	Nivolumab: Until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or up to two years.
	Nivolumab and cabozantinib 40 mg are taken orally once daily without food.	Cabozantinib: until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
	Once every two weeks, 240 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. or Once every four weeks, 480 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes.	After completing four doses of ipilimumab combination therapy, it was administered as a single agent until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer	Nivolumab 3 mg/kg once every 3 weeks, with ipilimumab 1 mg/kg, was infused intravenously over 30 minutes.	Combined with ipilimumab for four doses.
	Once every two weeks, 240 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. or Once every four weeks, 480 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes.	After completing four doses of combination therapy, the drug was administered as a single agent until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Hepatocellular carcinoma	Nivolumab 3 mg/kg once every 3 weeks, with ipilimumab 1 mg/kg, was infused intravenously over 30 minutes.	Combined with ipilimumab for four doses.
	Once every two weeks, 240 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. or Once every four weeks, 480 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes.	After completing four doses of combination therapy, the drug was administered as a single agent until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	Once every two weeks, 240 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. or Once every four weeks, 480 mg each time, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. Nivolumab administered in combination with fluoropyrimidine-containing and platinum-containing chemotherapy	Nivolumab: Until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or up to two years.
		Chemotherapy: Until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
	3 mg/kg once every two weeks, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. or 360 mg once every three weeks, intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. Combined with ipilimumab, 1 mg/kg per dose is administered intravenously over 30 minutes every six weeks.	Use in combination with ipilimumab until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or up to two years.
Gastric cancer, gastroesophageal junction cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma	240mg once every two weeks, intravenous infusion for 30 minutes, fluoropyrimidine-containing and platinum-containing chemotherapy once every two weeks or 360 mg once every three weeks, intravenous infusion for 30 minutes, fluoropyrimidine-containing and platinum-containing chemotherapy once every three weeks	Until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or up to two years.