Dietary guidelines for cancer patients during Chinese New Year.👍👍👍

It's the Chinese New Year recently, and there are celebrations in many places. Many people will change their eating habits in order to celebrate Chinese New Year. Normal people may only eat slightly unhealthy during the festival days and not be affected too much. However, some patients cannot eat too freely. Cancer patients should also pay attention to a reasonable diet during this period to avoid exacerbation of the disease. This article will summarize some doctors' dietary recommendations for them.

Health products.

During Chinese New Year, some relatives and friends will give gifts to each others. Health products are one of the popular gifts. Do those health products really make you health? Are they suitable to every one?

1. Ginseng.

Ginseng has a good effect on the prevention and treatment of cancer. It can fight tumors through multiple mechanisms of action. It regulates the body's immune system and increases resistance to disease. This can achieve the effect of inhibiting tumor growth. In addition, it can also reduce the drug resistance of cancer cells and enhance the efficacy of drugs. However, not all cancer patients are suitable for eating ginseng. In some patients, consuming ginseng may worsen the condition. Therefore, cancer patients should consume appropriate ginseng according to their personal constitution under the guidance of a doctor.

Ginseng acts on the nervous system. It can cause insomnia, tremors, neurasthenia, euphoria and other excitation symptoms of central nervous system. Cancer patients with insomnia should not eat ginseng. It can make the patient's sleep quality worse. Drugs such as cardiac glycosides, anticoagulants, steroids, and sedatives have synergistic or inhibitory effects with ginseng. Drugs such as chloral hydrate and phenobarbital in combination with ginseng can enhance the inhibitory effect of the central nervous system. Therefore, cancer patients should not consume ginseng if they are taking the above medicines.

2. Royal Jelly.

Sex hormones are associated with the occurrence and development of breast cancer. Long-term maintenance of high levels of estrogen in the body will significantly increase the incidence of breast cancer. Royal jelly contains sex hormones. Therefore, breast cancer patients should avoid royal jelly and other foods that contain more sex hormones.

3. Protein powder.

The daily protein intake target for cancer patients is 1-2 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day. That is, if the patient weighs 70 kg, he needs to consume 70 to 140 grams of protein per day. However, the liver and kidneys will be burdened too much by excessive protein intake. This can be detrimental to the recovery of cancer patients. 

Protein powder supplementation is not recommended for patients who are able to absorb protein through their diet. Patients should consume adequate protein through food whenever possible. Protein powder contains a lot of protein, so patients with liver and kidney insufficiency should not take protein powder. Additionally, most protein powders are primarily composed of soy protein. They generally contain high amounts of purines, which can aggravate the symptoms of gout.

Should cancer patients eat more meat or vegetables?

Which is healthier, meat or vegetables? This is a long-standing debate. Some people think that eating red meat increases the risk of cancer. Some people think that eating meat will make you live longer. Some of the following studies may explain this.

Does eating red meat increase the risk of cancer?

Red meat is red because it is rich in heme iron. It includes frequently eaten meats such as beef, pork and lamb. Studies have pointed out that dairy products and red meat contain a particular type of sugar. It is directly linked to the development of antibodies in the blood that increase the incidence of tumors. Eating large amounts of red meat produces large and different types of antibodies. This increases the incidence of cancer, especially colorectal cancer. In addition, the World Health Organization classifies red meat as a Group 2a carcinogen. This also confirms that long-term consumption of large amounts of red meat is harmful to health.

Will eating meat make you live longer?

A study across 11 countries found that older adults who ate higher amounts of protein (mainly eggs and meat) had lower cancer rates and lived longer than those who ate more vegetables. 

To sum up, eating meat in moderation may be healthier, but too much red meat should be avoided. When eating meat, you can choose to eat more white meat such as chicken.

What should cancer patients eat during Chinese New Year meals?

The staple food should be paired with more whole grains such as brown rice. But don't just eat whole grains, which can easily cause indigestion. 

Eat more vegetables and choose several different colors of vegetables, you can absorb more and different nutrients.

The meals during this period generally consist of a lot of different meats. Cancer patients should eat more high-quality protein foods such as chicken, duck, fish, and eggs. It boosts immunity and maintains muscle mass in the body. But avoid eating too much red meat, fatty meats, and offal. In addition, it is necessary to properly consume soy products. Plant protein and animal protein will complement each other.

Avoid fried, grilled and pickled foods. These foods contain carcinogens.

Pay attention to salt intake and should not consume more than 6 grams per day.

It is not recommended for cancer patients to drink beverages high in sugar. It also does not recommend drinking pure juice. Substitute vegetable and fruit juices. In addition, cancer patients can drink green tea in moderation. Green tea contains ingredients that remove oil and prevent cancer.

Cancer patients try not to drink alcohol and smoke.

In fact, the above advice also applies in general.😂

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People should never drink alcohol while taking these drugs.💀💀💀

Many people already know that drinking alcohol while taking medicine can cause adverse reactions. But you should never drink alcohol while taking the following medicines. In severe cases it can even lead to death.

1. Disulfiram-like reactions occur with cephalosporins and alcohol.

Ethanol is the main component of alcohol. It is converted to acetaldehyde in the liver. Acetaldehyde is converted to acetic acid by the action of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Finally, it is converted into carbon dioxide and water and discharged from the body.

Disulfiram is a drug used to stop drinking alcohol. It inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and reduces the degradation of acetaldehyde. This increases the concentration of acetaldehyde in the body, resulting in an acetaldehyde poisoning reaction. Drinking even a small amount of alcohol while taking disulfiram can cause a strong reaction. It includes headache, dizziness, flushing, shortness of breath, laryngeal edema, nausea, vomiting, increased heart rate, low blood pressure, etc. This reaction is called a disulfiram-like reaction. Cephalosporins also have disulfiram-like effects in the body. It can produce a disulfiram-like reaction. Almost all cephalosporins have been reported to cause disulfiram-like reactions.

In addition, drugs that can cause disulfiram-like reactions include nitroimidazole antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, furazolidone, griseofulvin, metronidazole, secnidazole and tinidazole.

• Cefoperazone and Furazolidone: No alcohol should be consumed 1 day before taken it and up to 5 days after discontinuation.
• Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefmetazole, Cefminox and Latamoxef: No alcohol should be consumed 1 day before taken it and up to 1 week after discontinuation.
• Cefmandole, Metronidazole and Tinidazole: No alcohol should be consumed 1 day before taken it and up to 3 days after discontinuation.
• Secnidazole: No alcohol should be consumed 1 day before taken it and up to 1 day after discontinuation.

2. Stomach bleeding and liver failure can occur with antipyretic analgesics and alcohol.

Some people have a headache the day after drinking alcohol and then they treat it with aspirin, acetaminophen or an NSAID. In fact, this is a very wrong usage. Some people have a headache the day after drinking alcohol, and then they treat it with aspirin, acetaminophen, or an NSAID. In fact, this is a very wrong usage. 

The above drugs can irritate the gastric mucosa when used with alcohol. It causes bleeding of the gastric mucosa and causes acute hemorrhagic gastritis. 

Although acetaminophen has few side effects at normal doses, alcohol can increase its liver toxicity. This increases the risk of liver failure.

3. Orthostatic hypotension can occur with antihypertensive drugs and alcohol.

Alcohol increases heart rate and dilates blood vessels. It is synergistic with most antihypertensive drugs and increases the risk of orthostatic hypotension. Drinking alcohol while taking dihydropyridine antihypertensive drugs increases the risk of cardiac arrhythmias, especially nifedipine.

4. Hypoglycemic coma can occur with hypoglycemic drugs and alcohol.

Due to the partial hypoglycemic ability of ethanol and it also slows down the metabolism of hypoglycemic drugs, drinking alcohol while taking hypoglycemic agents increases the risk of hypoglycemia and even hypoglycemic coma.

Sulfonylurea antidiabetic drugs such as glimepiride, glyburide, glipizide, glipizide, and gliclazide also reduce alcohol tolerance in patients. Therefore, it also causes a disulfiram-like reaction.

5. Sedative-hypnotics and alcohol can cause respiratory depression.

Drinking too much alcohol while taking sedative-hypnotics such as diazepam, estazolam, nitrazepam, phenobarbital, zopiclone, and zolpidem can cause respiratory depression and can be fatal. In addition, first-generation antihistamines such as chlorpheniramine, cyproheptadine, and diphenhydramine also inhibit the central system. Therefore, drinking alcohol should be prohibited while taking the above drugs.

6. Seizures can occur with antiepileptic drugs and alcohol.

Phenytoin sodium increases metabolism under the action of ethanol, which reduces blood drug concentration and bioavailability. Drinking alcohol while taking this medicine can cause seizures.

7. Malignant hypertension occurs with monoamine oxidase inhibitors and red wine.

Both endogenous monoamine transmitters (such as norepinephrine, serotonin) and exogenous monoamine substances (such as tyramine) are deactivated by monoamine oxidase. If monoamine oxidase is inhibited, these substances are not degraded. This can cause excessive accumulation of them. It results in toxic reactions such as vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors commonly used clinically include antibacterial drugs (such as furazolidone, linezolid), anti-tuberculosis drugs (such as isoniazid), antiarrhythmic drugs (such as procaine), anti-Parkinson's disease drugs (such as selegilin), antidepressants (such as moclobemide), etc. Drinking alcohol while taking these drugs can cause toxic reactions such as dizziness, difficulty breathing, abdominal pain and diarrhea. When drinking red wine which contain high tyramine, blood pressure will increase and even intracranial hemorrhage can lead to death.

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How to choose acetaminophen or other NSAIDs when patient has a cold and fever?😷😷😷

Common cold symptoms are mainly nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, coughing and so on. It may also have a sore throat, muscle pain or fever. Clinical treatment is generally aimed at the symptoms and to relieve its symptoms. The following will introduce the dosage and precautions of commonly used antipyretic analgesics.

1. Acetaminophen.

It is an aniline compound. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and release in the central nervous system. It is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, which has antipyretic and analgesic effects. Because it selectively inhibits COX-2, it has no significant gastrointestinal irritation. Its oral absorption is rapid and complete. Its metabolic pathway occurs mainly in the liver. It is combined with glucuronic acid in the liver and excreted in the urine.

Dosage and contraindications:

When having pain or fever, children over 12 years and adults take 500mg each time. If the pain or fever does not go away, take another tablet 4-6 hours later. Do not take more than 4 times a day. 

Patients allergic to acetaminophen are contraindicated. To prevent overdose, it should not be taken with other medicines that also contain acetaminophen.

Adverse effects:

When acetaminophen is taken correctly, side effects such as liver and kidney toxicity are less likely to occur. It is also a very safe antipyretic and analgesic drug for pregnant women. The FDA's pregnancy drug classification is Class B.

2. Diclofenac.

Diclofenac is a fenamic acid compound. It is a strong NSAID. It changes the release and uptake of fatty acids. It causes the concentration of free arachidonic acid in leukocytes reducing. 

Dosage and contraindications:

Its recommended dose is 25 mg 1 to 2 times a day after meals.

It is not suitable for children under the age of 16 or breastfeeding women. Pregnant women are forbidden to use it. It should not be used in patients with a history of allergy to aspirin, diclofenac or other NSAIDs, peptic ulcers, urticaria, asthma or other allergies.

Adverse effects:

Gastrointestinal reactions such as epigastric discomfort, gastric bleeding, gastric perforation, etc. are common adverse reactions of diclofenac. It should be used with caution in the elderly or patients with liver and kidney dysfunction. Diclofenac can penetrate the placenta, so it is forbidden for pregnant women.

3. Aspirin.

Aspirin is a salicylic acid compound. Under its action, the hypothalamus thermoregulatory center causes peripheral blood vessels to dilate, increase blood flow to the skin, and sweat. This will increase the body's heat dissipation to achieve antipyretic effect. It also inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins and other substances that make pain sensitive to external stimuli. It is a peripheral analgesic drug.

Dosage and contraindications:

The recommended dose of aspirin is 50 to 150 mg daily in 1 to 2 divided doses.

Aspirin is contraindicated in patients with aspirin allergy, asthma, hemophilia, thrombocytopenia, peptic ulcer with bleeding symptoms, or other active bleeding. Aspirin is not recommended for use in children, pregnant and breastfeeding women unless directed by a doctor.

Adverse effects:

Since aspirin also inhibits COX-1 and reduces prostaglandin synthesis, it can induce or exacerbate the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Allergic reactions such as angioedema, asthma, and urticaria also occur in patients with  idiosyncrasy. Use aspirin for flu or chickenpox in children. It may cause Reye's syndrome. It can cause severe encephalopathy and liver damage. Therefore, it is not used to treat colds in children.

4. Indomethacin.

Indomethacin is an indole derivative. It has a strong inhibitory ability on COX, but it is not selective and it inhibits COX-1 and COX-2.

Dosage and contraindications:

Indomethacin is 6.25 to 12.5 mg each time for antipyretic. It should not be taken more than 3 times a day.

Indomethacin is contraindicated in patients allergic to indomethacin, urticaria after taking other NSAIDs or aspirin, asthma or other allergies, undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, pregnant and lactating women. It is also not suitable for children under the age of 14.

Adverse effects:

Its most common adverse reactions are central nervous system reactions. In addition, gastrointestinal reactions, asthma, skin and mucous membrane allergies also occur. Its incidence of adverse reactions is high. If treatment with indomethacin is required, the lowest dose that can achieve efficacy should be used under the guidance of a doctor.

Medication guidelines for special populations.

Children: The WHO recommended antipyretics for children worldwide are acetaminophen and ibuprofen. In addition, it is not recommended to use the two in combination or alternately for antipyretic in children. Routine use of acetaminophen to prevent fever in children before and after vaccination is also not recommended.

Pregnant: On the basis of physical cooling, water supplementation and corresponding treatment, acetaminophen can be used to reduce fever. Other antipyretics should be avoided.

Patients with gastrointestinal ulcers or a history of gastrointestinal bleeding: For them, acetaminophen is relatively safe. Aspirin and NSAIDs are not recommended. They can irritate the gastrointestinal mucosa and have the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease: Most of them will need to take aspirin as a preventive medicine. Therefore, it is not recommended to use NSAIDs and is recommended to use acetaminophen.

Elderlies: Be aware of the medications they are taking to avoid interactions. In the absence of clear contraindications, normal doses may be considered.

During the antipyretic period, all patients should be adequately hydrated to avoid the risk of shock. Generally, the symptoms will disappear or improve after 1 week of treatment, otherwise you should seek medical attention in time.

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Treatment options for Helicobacter pylori.👀

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a bacterium with a high infection rate in clinical practice. It can cause stomach ulcers and chronic gastritis and other stomach diseases. The long-term effects of these stomach problems can even lead to stomach cancer. Some studies have pointed out that the incidence of stomach disease caused by Hp is about 6 times that of stomach disease caused by other reasons. About 90% of patients with chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers carry Helicobacter pylori.

Indications for Helicobacter pylori.

The infection rate of Helicobacter pylori in the world is very high. Hp infection rates in some countries exceed 50%. Gastritis caused by Hp is an infectious disease. Treatment is generally necessary for Hp-positive patients. For Hp-positive patients with the following indications, they should undergo Hp eradication therapy. 

Eradication therapy is strongly recommended for Hp-positive patients with the following indications:

1. Peptic ulcer with or without activity and with or without a history of complications.
2. Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.

Eradication therapy is recommended for Hp-positive patients with the following indications:

1. Has a family history of gastric cancer.
2. Chronic gastritis is accompanied by symptoms of gastric mucosal atrophy, erosion or indigestion.
3. Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).
4. The treatment plan requires long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
5. Early gastric tumors have undergone endoscopic resection or subtotal gastrectomy.
6. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
7. Unexplained iron deficiency anemia.
8. Other Hp-related diseases such as hyperplastic gastric polyps, lymphocytic gastritis.
9. Hp infection has been confirmed.

Drugs that can eradicate Helicobacter pylori.

The main treatment regimen for empirical eradication of Helicobacter pylori is PPI + 2 kinds of antibacterial drugs + bismuth. It is recommended to use for 10 or 14 days. Eradication rates with these regimens can reach 85 to 94%.

1. Proton pump inhibitors.

PPIs can inhibit the secretion of gastric acid and increase the pH of the stomach. It will increase the chemical stability of antibiotics, the concentration of antibiotics in the stomach and reduce the minimum inhibitory concentration to enhance the effect of antibiotics. In order to improve the eradication rate, it should generally be used the drugs with high curative effect, stable action and less influence by CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms, such as rabeprazole. They are generally recommended to be taken twice a day, half an hour before meals. 

1. Omeprazole: It is a first-generation PPI. Its recommended dose is 20mg daily. Its onset is slower.
2. Lansoprazole: It is a first-generation PPI. Its recommended dose is 30mg daily. It onset is faster than omeprazole.
3. Pantoprazole: It is a first-generation PPI. Its recommended dose is 40mg daily. It onset is similar to that of omeprazole.
4. Rabeprazole: It is a second-generation PPI. Its recommended dose is 10mg or 20mg daily. It onset is the fastest.
5. Esomeprazole: It is a second-generation PPI. Its recommended dose is 20mg daily. It onset is similar to that of lansoprazole.

2. Antibacterial drugs.

Acidic environments reduce their efficacy. It is generally recommended to take it after meals. The following are commonly used antibacterial drug combinations:

• Amoxicillin 2 times a day, 1000mg each time + Clarithromycin 2 times a day, 500mg each time.
• Amoxicillin 2 times a day, 1000mg each time + Levofloxacin 500mg once a day or 200mg twice a day.
• Amoxicillin 2 times a day, 1000mg each time + Furazolidone 2 times a day, 100 mg each time.
• Tetracycline 3 or 4 times a day, 500mg each time + Metronidazole 3 or 4 times a day, 400 mg each time.
• Tetracycline 3 or 4 times a day, 500mg each time + Furazolidone 2 times a day, 100 mg each time.
• Amoxicillin 2 times a day, 1000mg each time + Metronidazole 3 or 4 times a day, 400 mg each time.
• Amoxicillin 2 times a day, 1000mg each time + Tetracycline 3 or 4 times a day, 500mg each time.

Gastric acid had relatively little effect on the activity of tetracycline, metronidazole, and furazolidone. The other effects of gastric acid were amoxicillin > clarithromycin > levofloxacin.

3. Bismuth.

Bismuth pectin (undetermined standard dose) and bismuth citrate (220 mg) are recommended to be taken twice a day, half to one hour before meals. Stools will turn black after taking bismuth. Short-term use of bismuth for 1 to 2 weeks has a high safety. Helicobacter pylori is not resistant to bismuth because it is directly killed by bismuth. Bismuth can additionally increase the eradication rate of resistant strains of Hp by 30 to 40%. A quadruple regimen containing bismuth should be used whenever possible in the empirical treatment of Hp, unless the patient has a contraindication to bismuth or resides in a low resistance rate.

How to choose a treatment plan?

The choice of treatment regimen is to choose a combination of antibiotics. The choice of PPI and bismuth is generally not limited unless the patient has a contraindication or intolerance. The selection of antibiotics should be based on the patient's allergy history, medication history, and local Hp antibiotic resistance. Efficacy, cost, convenience, and adverse reactions should also be considered.

1. Initial empirical treatment.

The above combinations of antibacterial drugs are not divided into first-line or second-line. The combination with high efficacy should be used in the initial treatment. However, Combinations containing levofloxacin are not intended as initial treatment regimens. The main reason for the decrease in eradication rate is the increased drug resistance of Hp. If Hp is resistant to one of the two antibacterial drugs, the eradication rate drops to 50 to 60%. If Hp is resistant to both antibiotics, the eradication rate is only about 10%. Antibiotics were selected according to the resistance of local Hp. Drug susceptibility testing can be performed if necessary. Amoxicillin generally has a strong effect on Hp and is not easy to develop drug resistance. Patients without allergies have fewer adverse reactions. It can be considered as the first choice. Furazolidone has more serious adverse reactions. It is only used for Hp infections that are difficult to eradicate.

Primary resistance rate of Hp:

	Resistance rate
Amoxicillin	0-5%
Clarithromycin	20-50%
Furazolidone	0-1%
Levofloxacin	20-50%
Metronidazole	40-70%
Tetracycline	0-5%

Eradication rates and incidence of adverse effects of treatment regimens:

	Eradication rate	The incidence of adverse reactions
Amoxicillin + Clarithromycin	85-94%	Low
Amoxicillin + Levofloxacin	85-89%	Medium
Amoxicillin + Tetracycline	85-89%	Medium
Tetracycline + Metronidazole	85-94%	Medium to high
Tetracycline + Furazolidone	85-94%	Medium to high
Amoxicillin + Metronidazole	85-94%	Medium to high
Amoxicillin + Furazolidone	85-94%	Medium to high

2. After failure of initial treatment.

Choose one of the remaining treatment options for treatment. The selection should refer to past treatment regimens. It is generally not reused. 

Metronidazole at conventional doses is fully functional when Hp is not resistant, but it is completely ineffective when resistant. Its dose can increase to 1600mg daily in 4 divided doses to overcome drug resistance. Therefore, if repeated use of metronidazole is required, its dose needs to be increased to 1600 mg per day. When this dose has been used for the initial treatment, it should not be used again. 

In addition, increasing the dose of metronidazole (1600mg/day) or furazolidone (300mg/day) can improve the efficacy, but the adverse reactions will also increase.

3. Treatment of patients with penicillin allergy.

Tetracycline can be used instead of amoxicillin. It is recommended to use tetracycline in combination with furazolidone or metronidazole. Tetracycline combined with levofloxacin is also effective.

When tetracycline cannot be used, clarithromycin can be used instead. Such as clarithromycin combined with furazolidone, metronidazole or levofloxacin.

Prevention of Hp.

The main route of Hp infection is the digestive tract. Saliva can be its carrier. Therefore, pay attention to the hygiene of tableware and disinfect regularly.

Studies have shown that Hp can survive in fresh water for at least 3 years. It also survives 4 to 10 days in tap water. Water should be cooked thoroughly before drinking.

The development of an Hp vaccine may be the best way to prevent infection in the future.

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Several causes and treatment options for coughing.😷😷😷

Cough is a very common symptom. Although coughing is generally not very harmful, chronic coughing can be very annoying and damage the respiratory tract. Many different diseases can cause cough symptoms. This article will introduce the diagnosis, pathogenesis of coughs, and guidelines for their treatment.

1. Cough caused by the common cold.

The most common cause of colds is a viral infection. In addition to coughing, its clinical manifestations are also accompanied by upper respiratory tract-related symptoms such as throat irritation or discomfort, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, postnasal drip, and fever. There are usually few systemic symptoms. Postnasal drip is often associated with coughing of the common cold.

Treatment method: 

• Central antitussive drugs such as codeine are generally not recommended for routine use alone in coughs of the common cold. 
• Antitussives in combination with decongestants and first-generation antihistamines are recommended for adults with the common cold with cough.
• For the common cold with cough, first-generation antihistamines alone have no obvious therapeutic benefit. Combining first-generation antihistamines and decongestants can effectively improve symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, and relieve cough.
• It is not recommended to use NSAIDs if a patient with the common cold has no symptoms of headache, muscle pain, and fever.

2. Cough caused by acute tracheitis and bronchitis.

Most of acute tracheitis and bronchitis are caused by viruses and a few are caused by bacteria. Its initial clinical manifestations are symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection. The cough then gradually intensifies and with or without expectoration. The expectoration caused by bacterial infection is yellow and purulent sputum. 

Treatment method: 

• Antitussives should be used in patients with severe cough without sputum. Mucolytic or expectorant is recommended for patients who have sputum but cannot expectorate it. 
• Symptoms of acute respiratory infection can be relieved with extended-release guaifenesin. It can irritate the gastric mucosa and reflexively cause an increase in airway secretions. Increased secretions reduce the viscosity of phlegm. It also has a bronchodilator effect, which can enhance the effect of expectoration.
• Routine antimicrobial therapy is generally not recommended unless the patient has yellow and purulent sputum. Antibiotics may also be considered in patients with elevated peripheral white blood cell counts.

3. Cough after a cold.

The cough persist for 3 to 8 weeks after the acute respiratory symptoms of the cold disappeared, and the chest X-ray examination was no significant abnormal. 

Treatment method: 

• In the short term, decongestants, antihistamines, and antitussives can be recommended to treat some patients with obvious cough symptoms.
• Inhaled montelukast and corticosteroids are not recommended.

4. Cough caused by postnasal drip syndrome.

The nose produces secretions due to disease and the secretions flow back to the back of the nose and throat. It stimulates the cough receptors and causes coughing. The main clinical manifestation of postnasal drip syndrome is chronic cough. Coughing more during the day or during postural changes and less after falling asleep.

Treatment method: 

• Oral first-generation antihistamines and decongestants are the first recommended treatment for postnasal drip syndrome caused by the common cold and nonallergic rhinitis.
• Oral second-generation antihistamines and nasal inhaled corticosteroids are recommended first for the treatment of postnasal drip syndrome caused by the common cold and allergic rhinitis. For allergic rhinitis, leukotriene receptor antagonist therapy is also effective.
• To avoid unnecessary surgery, nasal inhaled corticosteroids are recommended for the treatment of chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps.
• Sequential treatment of oral corticosteroids and topical nasal inhaled corticosteroids is more effective than nasal inhaled corticosteroids alone in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
• Nasal decongestants can relieve nasal congestion. It will reduce the congestion and edema of the nasal mucosa, thereby facilitating the drainage of secretions. However, patients should be alert to its adverse reactions when using it. It can cause drug-induced rhinitis and should not be used for a long time. Its course of treatment is generally less than 1 week. It recommends a combination of nasal decongestants and first-generation oral antihistamines. Their course of treatment is 2 to 3 weeks.
• For the treatment of patients with chronic sinusitis, mucolytics (such as carbocisteine, erdosteine) may be beneficial. It can also be used to flush the nasal cavity with saline.

5. Gastroesophageal reflux cough.

One of the common causes of chronic cough is the reflux of stomach acid and other stomach contents into the esophagus, which causes a cough. This cough occurs mostly during the day, with upright and postural changes. It generally has no phlegm or a small amount of white sticky phlegm. Greasy and acidic foods can trigger or aggravate a cough. 40 to 68% of patients also experience typical acid reflux symptoms such as acid reflux, belching and retrosternal burning.

Treatment method: 

• Acid-suppressing drugs, including potassium-competitive acid blockers (such as vonoprazan) and proton pump inhibitors (such as omeprazole), are the first choice of treatment.
• Gastroprokinetic agents (such as mosapride) can relieve symptoms associated with acid reflux. It can be used in combination with acid-suppressing drugs. The anti-reflux course of treatment is at least 8 weeks, and then the dose is gradually reduced.

6. Cough variant asthma.

It is a specific type of asthma. It is also one of the most common causes of chronic cough. Its main clinical manifestation is irritating dry cough. The cough is generally severe and occurs at night and in the early morning. It generally has no obvious symptoms such as shortness of breath or gasp for breath, but there will be airway hyperresponsiveness. 

Treatment method: 

• Treatment with inhaled corticosteroids alone or in combination with bronchodilators (such as long acting β2-agonist) is recommended.
• Classic asthma may be prevented with long-term use of inhaled corticosteroids.
• Leukotriene receptor antagonists, such as montelukast, reduce symptoms of airway inflammation and cough. It improves quality of life and is effective in treating cough variant asthma.

7. Eosinophilic bronchitis.

About 13 to 22% of chronic coughs are caused by eosinophilic bronchitis. The necessary basis for diagnosis is elevated sputum eosinophils. Chronic irritating cough is usually the only clinical symptom. It is usually a dry cough or with a little white mucus sputum. Cough is more common during the day, and occasionally at night. Cough triggers are mostly cold air, dust, odors or smoke. The patient had no associated symptoms of airway restriction such as dyspnea and gasp for breath.

Treatment method: 

• Cough was significantly relieved or disappeared soon after glucocorticoid treatment. Inhaled corticosteroids such as fluticasone propionate aerosol are the recommended first-line therapy. It should be used continuously for more than 8 weeks.
• Oral prednisone (10 to 20 mg daily for 3 to 5 days) can be combined for initial treatment.
• More than half of patients still relapse after treatment. Patients with persistent eosinophilic inflammation and rhinitis are risk factors for recurrence.

8. Allergic cough.

Some patients with chronic cough have normal sputum eosinophils and no hyperresponsive airways, but the patients are atopic. Effective with antihistamines and glucocorticoid therapy. This type of cough is called allergic cough. Cough occurs during the day or night, mostly paroxysmal and irritating dry cough. Cold air, dust, smoke, and talking can all induce coughing and often an itchy throat. 

Patients with allergic cough have one of the following indications:

1. Antihistamines or glucocorticoids are effective.
2. Positive skin test for allergens.
3. Increased serum total IgE or specific IgE.
4. History of allergic disease or exposure to allergens.

Treatment method: 

• Initial treatment can be short-term low-dose oral glucocorticoids for 3 to 5 days. Oral antihistamines and/or inhaled corticosteroids for more than 4 weeks.

9. Refractory chronic cough.

Clinically, there are some patients with underlying chronic cough etiology, but the cough has no obvious relief after targeted treatment. This cough is called refractory chronic cough. 

Treatment method: 

• The neuromodulator drug gabapentin is effective in the treatment of refractory chronic cough. It can also choose other drugs such as baclofen, amitriptyline, pregabalin, and carbamazepine.
• Patients with refractory chronic cough can use aerosol inhalation of lidocaine to achieve a certain temporary relief effect.

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Although eggs are rich in nutrients, some cooking methods can reduce their nutrients.🥚🥚🥚

Eggs are a nutrient-dense food. It can be cooked in a variety of ways, tastes great, and is cheap. Many people love to eat eggs. Because of its simple and quick cooking method, many people like to choose eggs for breakfast. It is a source of high-quality protein. It is also rich in a variety of essential amino acids, a variety of vitamins and selenium and other nutrients needed by the human body. Eating eggs regularly can help children's physical and mental development. Young people eat eggs regularly to help balance nutrition. The elderly often eat eggs, which can provide enough choline. This can help prevent Alzheimer's disease. Although there are many benefits to eating eggs regularly, if they are not cooked properly, eggs may be harmful to the body.

It is not recommended to cook eggs like this.

There are many ways to cook eggs, but raw or soft-boiled eggs are the least recommended. Many people mistakenly believe that when an egg is cooked, it will lose its nutrients significantly. Therefore, there are many people who would choose to eat raw eggs or soft-boiled eggs. Undercooked eggs can cause food poisoning if they are contaminated with salmonella. Undercooked eggs also contain avidin and anti-enzyme protein. Both of these two proteins are harmful to the body. Avidin binds to biotin in food. It causes the body to fail to absorb biotin and lead to biotin deficiency. It can cause muscle soreness, mental exhaustion and other symptoms. Anti-enzyme proteins can disturb with protein digestion and absorption. Both of them will be destroyed when cooked. In addition, raw eggs contain antitrypsin. It inhibits the absorption of protein from the gastrointestinal tract. Antitrypsin allows large amounts of undigested protein to enter the large intestine. These proteins become putrefied under the influence of E. coli. It produces toxic substances. Some of these toxic substances are excreted from the body. The rest of the toxic substances are metabolized in the liver. It will significantly increase the burden on the liver. Therefore, it is recommended to fully cook eggs when eating them, so as not to be harmful to health.

The best way to cook eggs like this.

Uncooked eggs are certainly harmful to the body. There are many ways to hard boil an egg. They will of course be healthier than uncooked eggs. Omelet, scramble, steamed, fried eggs, which cooking method is the healthiest and most recommended? Among so many cooking methods, there is no doubt that hard-boiled eggs are the healthiest. Hard-boiled eggs not only remove the above hazards, but it retains all the nutrients. Hard-boiled eggs are also easier to digest and absorb. 

How long is the best time to cook a hard-boiled egg?

In fact, in addition to the dangers of undercooked eggs, overcooked eggs are not good either. If an egg is boiled for more than 10 minutes, it loses some of its nutrients and becomes indigestible.

Method of boiled eggs: First add cold water and eggs to the pot, the water must soak the eggs. Then boil the water over medium heat. Wait 6 to 10 minutes after the water boils. This way the eggs will not be overcooked. It can relatively completely retain the nutrition of eggs, and can kill harmful pathogenic bacteria and substances in eggs.

How many eggs should be consumed per day?

There are many people who think that you can only eat one egg a day. In fact, how many eggs can you eat in a day? Many people think that they should not eat more than one egg a day. The main reason is because the egg yolk contains cholesterol. It is also relatively high in cholesterol. Absorbing too much cholesterol over a long period of time can be harmful to the body. Coupled with the general dietary recommendation that adults eat no more than 7 eggs per week, many people think that they can only eat one egg a day. In fact, healthy adults eating three eggs a day will not affect their health. The dietary guidelines in the United States point out that the cholesterol content in the human body is mainly produced by the body itself (about 80%). Only about 20% comes from food. Therefore, they removed the daily cholesterol intake limit. This also means that the cholesterol in eggs is less harmful to human health. In addition, the cholesterol in egg yolks is mainly high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. It is a good cholesterol. It protects our cardiovascular system. However, it is generally recommended to eat one egg per day and not to exceed 7 eggs per week. Adolescents, breastfeeding women or other people who need more nutritional supplements can eat a few more eggs.

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Some symptoms in your body may imply that you have the risk of cancer.😨😨😨

Cancer is a disease that everyone fears. Once you have cancer, it has a big impulse on your whole family. Although cancer is scary, its progression is slow. Therefore, if the patient can be checked early, detected early and treated early, the patient has a good chance of being cured of the cancer. The following will briefly introduce when patients should start cancer screening? Under what circumstances should they be screened?

1. Bowel cancer.

Adults over the age of 40 should preferably have a fecal occult blood test and a routine stool examination every year. Colonoscopy and related tumor marker tests should also be performed if necessary.

Additionally, if people have the following symptoms, they should get tested as soon as possible:

1. Changes in the regularity of bowel movements: It is the most common performance of bowel cancer. It is mainly manifested as sudden diarrhea, constipation, or alternating between the two, and the symptoms are not relieved even for a long time. 
2. Blood in the stool: Bowel cancer causes stools that may be mixed with blood and often mucus. If the blood is only on the surface of the stool, it is generally bleeding from hemorrhoids.
3. Abdominal discomfort: Bowel cancer may also have persistent abdominal pain, bloating and other abdominal discomfort.
4. Systemic symptoms: Rapid weight loss, unknown fever, anemia, etc.

Recommendations for the prevention of bowel cancer: The diet should be regular and balanced. People should eat 400-800 grams of fruits and vegetables every day, and eat less grilled or fried food. Sitting for long periods should also be avoided.

2. Liver cancer.

People over the age of 40 should have liver function tests and abdominal ultrasound scans at least once a year. Close relatives with liver cancer, patients with chronic hepatitis or long-term alcohol consumption should increase hepatitis B and alpha-fetoprotein tests according to the doctor's recommendation.

Additionally, if people have the following symptoms, they should get tested as soon as possible:

1. Liver pain: Its main symptom is persistent pain in the right upper quadrant. It often worsens at night or after exertion. If the cancer nodule ruptures and bleeds, it may cause severe pain and even shock.
2. Spider nevus: It is a type of telangiectasia. The body of nevus has a central point surrounded by small blood vessel branches. It looks like a small spider. It is commonly found on the face, neck, hands and upper chest.
3. Liver palm: It manifests as flaky hyperemia, red spots or plaques on the skin at the thenar area of the palm.
4. Jaundice: The skin and the whites of the eyes turn yellow. In severe cases, stool may turn gray and sweat, urine, and tears turn yellow. Sometimes it is accompanied by itching of the skin.
5. Other symptoms: decreased appetite, weight loss, exhaustion and fatigue, etc.

Recommendations for the prevention of liver cancer: People should drink less or no alcohol. Raw food should not be eaten, especially raw freshwater fish. Leftovers should be eaten less. Do not eat food that has a change in taste or texture. Do not take medicine indiscriminately.

3. Gastric cancer.

The high-risk groups for gastric cancer are people with a history of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer and Helicobacter pylori infection, people have undergone gastric cancer resection, their close relatives with gastric cancer and they are over the age of 40. It is recommended to have gastroscopy annually.

Additionally, if people have the following symptoms, they should get tested as soon as possible:

1. Upper abdominal discomfort: The common symptoms of early gastric cancer include abdominal distension and pain that will worsen after eating, hiccups, loss of appetite, etc.
2. Acid reflux and heartburn: Gastric cancer may reduce gastric motility. Stomach acid may flow back into the esophagus after eating. It causes symptoms of heartburn.
3. Dark stools, blood in the stool and anemia: Gastric cancer can cause bleeding in the stomach. It may cause symptoms such as dark stools, blood in the stool and anemia.
4. Rapid weight loss.

Recommendations for the prevention of gastric cancer: The daily diet should be regular. The food should be chewed and swallowed slowly. Processed foods such as pickled and smoked should be eaten less. Processed foods, such as pickled and smoked, as well as fried and grilled foods should also be avoided. Cutlery and drinking glasses should be used independently and should not be shared with others. Daily routine should be healthy and regular.

4. Lung cancer.

Adults aged 55 and older who have smoked for more than 30 years or who have quit smoking for less than 15 years should have annual low-dose CT scans. Adults 50 years and older who have smoked for more than 20 years, have a family history, or have a work environment with dust pollution should also have a low-dose CT scan every year.

Additionally, if people have the following symptoms, they should get tested as soon as possible:

1. Cough: It is mostly an irritating dry cough.
2. Hemoptysis or blood in sputum: A ruptured blood vessel or vasculitis can cause blood in the sputum when coughing. If the blood vessel is bleeding heavily, it may have hemoptysis symptoms.
3. Chest pain: Surrounding tissue can be invaded by tumor cells. It often causes irregular pain in the chest. If the pain is sharp and severe, it indicates that the tumor cells have spread outward.
4. Others: Chest tightness, shortness of breath, hoarseness and so on are possible symptoms.

Recommendations for the prevention of lung cancer: Patients should quit smoking and avoid inhalation of second-hand smoke, oil fumes and other fumes. They should use masks appropriately.

5. Cervical cancer.

Women aged 25 to 29 should have a cytology test every 3 years. Women aged 30 to 64 should undergo combined screening for high-risk HPV and cytology every 5 years. Screening can be discontinued in women aged 65 years and older with normal results in previous test.

Additionally, if people have the following symptoms, they should get tested as soon as possible:

1. Bleeding on contact: Vagina can occur small amounts of bleeding during sex, after a gynecological examination or straining to defecate.
2. Abnormal secretions: Vagina occurs white or bloody secretions. Its texture is thin, watery and often accompanied by a fishy odor.
3. Vagina occurs irregular bleeding after menopause: Menopausal women experience sudden vaginal bleeding.

Recommendations for the prevention of cervical cancer: People should be vaccinated against HPV. Practice hygiene and contraceptive measures during sex. Quit smoking.

6. Breast cancer.

Breast ultrasound and mammography should be done annually after age 40.

Additionally, if people have the following symptoms, they should get tested as soon as possible:

1. Breast lump: It is mostly a single breast. The lump feels hard to the touch, with uneven edges, a rough surface and sometimes feels pain.
2. Swollen lymph nodes in the armpit: Sometimes, swollen lymph nodes can be touched in the front and lower part of the armpit.
3. Nipple discharge: Bright red or dark red fluid from the nipple, sometimes watery.
4. Breast skin changes: The localized skin of the breast becomes rough. It is like an orange peel. Local compression on the breast can create an inward depression.

Recommendations for the prevention of breast cancer: Women can check their breasts on their own. If you have the above symptoms, you should seek medical treatment in time. Contraception should be used if pregnancy is not planned. Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption.

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Introduction of α-glucosidase inhibitors.📋📋📋

Diabetes is a very common chronic disease. With the development of social economy, the incidence of diabetes is getting higher and higher, and it has a younger trend. There are many types of hypoglycemic drugs. One of the common clinical hypoglycemic drugs is α-glucosidase inhibitors. How does an α-glucosidase inhibitor work and what is the difference between different α-glucosidase inhibitors?

Common α-glucosidase inhibitors.

Acarbose, voglibose and miglitol are common alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. 

• Acarbose is obtained by the direct extraction and isolation of secondary metabolites of Actinomycetes.
• Voglibose is obtained by modifying the structure of secondary metabolites of Actinomycetes.
• Miglitol is obtained by structural modification of secondary metabolites of Bacillus.

Acarbose

Voglibose

Miglitol

Mechanism of action of α-glucosidase inhibitors.

Monosaccharides (such as glucose, fructose, and galactose), disaccharides (such as sucrose, maltose), and polysaccharides (such as starch) are sugars in food. They are the most important energy substances in the human body. Small intestinal epithelial cells can directly absorb monosaccharides. Disaccharides and polysaccharides require α-glucosidase to hydrolyze them into monosaccharides for reabsorption. Therefore, when α-glucosidase activity is inhibited, the absorption of sugar can be reduced. α-glucosidase is a general term for carbohydrases such as sucrase, lactase, maltase, isomaltase, and alpha-critical dextrinase. α-glucosidase inhibitors are structurally similar to disaccharides or polysaccharides. It binds to α-glucosidase and inhibits its activity. It reduces the breakdown of these sugars into simple sugars, thereby reducing sugar absorption. It can effectively reduce glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA_1c) and the fluctuation of blood sugar after meals. 

Differences between acarbose, voglibose and migliitol.

The biggest difference between them is that they inhibit different carbohydrases. 

• Acarbose has the effect of inhibition mainly to glucoamylase, sucrase and pancreatic α-amylase.
• Voglibose mainly has inhibitory effects on maltase and sucrase and the inhibitory activity of acarbose on these two enzymes is much lower than it. Voglibose does not inhibit amylase. The starch in the food will be decomposed into disaccharides in the small intestine and relatively small starch enter to the large intestine. Therefore, gastrointestinal reactions such as bloating are less likely to occur with voglibose.
• Miglitol can inhibit all α-glucosidases. Among them, it has the highest ability of inhibition to glucoamylase and sucrase. The reason may be because its structure is similar to glucose, so it can bind to various α-glucosidases.

Dosage of acarbose, voglibose and migliitol.

• Acarbose should be taken as a whole tablet immediately before a meal or chewed with the first few bites during a meal. Its starting dose is 50mg each time, 3 times a day. Then it was gradually increased to 100 mg each time, 3 times a day. In individual cases, it can be increased to 200 mg each time, 3 times a day.
• Voglibose needs to be taken before meals and have meals immediately after taken it. Adults usually take 3 times a day, 0.2mg each time. If the treatment effect is not obvious, it can be increased to 0.3mg each time after sufficient observation.
• Miglitol needs to be taken before meals and have meals immediately after taken it. Its starting dose is 25mg each time, 3 times a day. Then it was gradually increased to 100 mg each time, 3 times a day. The maximum dosage can be increased to 200 mg each time, 3 times a day.

Differences in hypoglycemic ability.

All α-glucosidases inhibitors can effectively reduce 2-hour postprandial blood glucose and HbA_1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Studies have indicated that their HbA_1c-lowering efficiency is voglitose < miglitol < acarbose. 

Precautions.

Acarbose and voglibose can damage the liver and should not be used in patients with severe liver dysfunction. When the patient's glomerular filtration rate is greater than or equal to 25ml/min, no adjustment of dosage is required. However, when the patient's glomerular filtration rate is less than 25ml/min, it is contraindicated.

Miglitol is not metabolized by the liver, so no dose adjustment is required in patients with hepatic insufficiency. Most miglitol is excreted by the kidneys, so patients with renal impairment will accumulate it in the body. However, no dose adjustment is required in patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency. It is not recommended for patients with severe renal insufficiency.

Common adverse reactions of α-glucosidase inhibitors.

The pharmacological effects of α-glucosidase inhibitors can cause gastrointestinal reactions. In theory, after α-glucosidase inhibitors works, all the sugar is absorbed before it reaches the terminal ileum. But in reality, undigested sugars and starches are broken down by enzymes in the large intestine. It produces acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid. As a result, the pH in the intestine will drop and the osmotic pressure will increase. It causes diarrhea. The decomposition reaction also produces gases such as hydrogen and carbon dioxide, which can cause bloating. Therefore, α-glucosidase inhibitors are recommended to start with small doses. Patients will generally gradually tolerate it after 2 weeks of treatment.

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Some dietary advice for cancer patients.🍱🍱🍱

As mentioned in the previous article, nutrition intake for cancer patients is
very important. This article will share some dietary advice for cancer patients.

Directions for an anticancer diet.

At present, no single food can prevent or treat cancer, but the right combination of food may have the effect of adjuvant treatment or prevention. For a balanced diet, the human body generally needs no more than one-third of animal protein and at least two-thirds of plant food.

The richer the color of the food, the better the anti-cancer effect.

Vegetables and fruits are rich in anticancer nutrients. The more colors they have, the more nutrients they contain. These foods can also reduce cancer risk in other ways. They can help patients maintain a healthy weight. Being overweight increases the risk of several cancers, such as esophageal, stomach and colon cancers. Eating a variety of fruits and vegetables can help prevent cancer, especially orange, red and dark green fruits and vegetables.

Eating foods rich in folic acid for breakfast can help anticancer.

Folic acid is one of the important B vitamins. It can help resist breast, rectal and colon cancer. Breakfast foods rich in folic acid, such as whole grains, melons, strawberries and oranges are also good sources of folic acid. Other good sources of folic acid are eggs. It can also be consumed in sunflower seeds, beans and green leafy vegetables such as spinach. The best way to get folic acid is to eat enough grain products, vegetables and fruits. It should not rely on folic acid supplements to get folic acid.

Cancer risk from processed foods.

Eating a hot dog or ham sandwich occasionally does not increase cancer risk. However, eating less processed foods like ham, sausage, and bacon can help reduce the risk of stomach, colon, and rectal cancers. Also, studies have pointed out that cured or smoked meats contain chemicals that can cause cancer.

Anticancer potential of tomatoes.

Studies have found that eating tomatoes can reduce the risk of several cancers, such as prostate cancer. Studies have also shown that ketchup or tomato juice can activate the anti-cancer potential in the body.

Tea and cancer.

Although the quality of research is uneven, tea may have strong anticancer properties, especially green tea. Studies have shown that green tea can delay or prevent the development of cancer cells in the breast, liver, prostate and colon. In addition, similar effects can also observe in lung and skin tissue. Tea may also reduce the risk of stomach, pancreatic, and bladder cancers.

Grapes can fight cancer.

Grapes and grape juice contain resveratrol, especially in fuchsia grapes. Resveratrol has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Studies have shown that it prevents some of the cellular damage that can trigger cancer. However, there is not enough evidence that eating grapes, drinking grape juice, wine or taking supplements can avoid or heal cancer.

Drinking alcohol increases cancer risk.

Alcohol consumption has been linked to cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, breast, liver, colon and rectum. The American Cancer Society recommends that men should drink less than two drinks a day and women should drink less than one drink a day. Women at high risk of breast cancer need to ask their doctor what the maximum amount of alcohol they can consume per day, even if they want to drink alcohol, based on personal health. Women at high risk of breast cancer should consult their doctor about the amount of alcohol they can drink.

Water and other fluids have anticancer properties.

Water may reduce the risk of bladder cancer by diluting the concentration of potential cancer carcinogens in the bladder. In addition, consuming more fluids can cause you to urinate more frequently. It reduces the time that the carcinogens are in contact with the bladder mucosa.

Bean and cancer.

Beans are known to be good for the body. They can also help fight cancer. Beans contain chemicals that protect the body's cells and may have anti-cancer effects. Studies have shown that they prevent tumor cells from releasing substances that can damage surrounding cells. It slows the growth of tumor cells.

Cruciferous Vegetables and cancer.

Cruciferous vegetables include cabbage, Chinese cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale and so on. These cruciferous vegetables can be eaten raw or cooked. These vegetables also contain ingredients that can help fight cancers such as lung, breast, cervix, and colon cancer.

Dark leafy greens and cancer.

Dark leafy greens such as kale, mustard greens, spinach are rich in fiber, carotenoids, and folate. These nutrients protect in the mouth, throat, pancreas, lungs, skin and stomach. They can against cancers of those organs.

Curcumin.

Curcumin is the main ingredient in the cooking spice turmeric. It has potential anticancer effects. Studies have shown that it can inhibit the transformation, proliferation and invasion of tumor cells. It can prevent a wide range of cancers.

Cooking methods.

Cooking methods may also increase the risk of cancer. Frying and grilling food at high temperatures can generate harmful chemicals. This may increase the risk of cancer. Cooking methods of stewing, boiling or steaming produce relatively few of these chemicals.

Berries.

Berries such as strawberries, blueberries and raspberries are rich in antioxidants. They are able to eliminate free radicals, which prevent free radicals from harming cells. Thus berries can help prevent or delay the development of cancer.

Sugar.

Although sugar doesn't directly cause cancer, it may inhibit the absorption of other foods that help fight cancer. It also increases the intake of calorie. It leads to overweight and obesity. Overweight is one of the risk factors of cancer. If the patient wants to consume sugar, they can choose to consume sugar from fruit.

Supplements.

Although nutrients such as vitamins may help prevent cancer, they only work when they are absorbed naturally from food. Studies have shown that getting anticancer nutrients from foods such as green leafy vegetables, fruits and beans can be far more effective than their supplements. A healthy diet is better than all nutrition.

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